MODE OF CAPTURE. 373 



"The manner in which the natives capture and drive the 

 hollusclmckie up from the hauling-grounds to the slaughtering- 

 fields near the villages and elsewhere, cannot be improved upon, 

 and is most satisfactory. 



"In the early part of the season large bodies of the young 

 bachelor seals do not haul up on land very far from the water, 

 a few rods at the most, and the men are obliged to approach 

 slyly and run quickly between the dozing seals and the surf, 

 before they take alarm and bolt into tbe sea, and in this way a 

 dozen Aleuts, running down the long sand-beach of English 

 Bay, some driving-morning early in June, will turn back from 

 the water thousands of seals, just as the mold-board of a plow 

 lays over and back a furrow of earth. As the sleeping seals 

 are first startled they arise, and seeing men between them and 

 the water, immediately turn, lope and scramble rapidly back 

 over the land ; the natives then leisurely walk on the flanks and 

 in the rear of the drove thus secured, and direct and drive them 

 over to the killing-grounds. 



" A drove of seals on hard or firm grassy ground, in cool and 

 moist weather, may with safety be driven at the rate of half a 

 mile an hour; they can be urged along with the expenditure of 

 a great many lives in the drove, at the speed of a mile or a mile 

 .and a quarter even per hour, but this is highly injudicious and 

 is seldom ever done. A bull seal, fat and unwieldy, cannot 

 travel with the younger ones, but it can lope or gallop as it 

 were over the ground as fast as an ordinary man can run for a 

 hundred yards, but then it falls to the earth supine, utterly 

 exhausted, hot and gasping for breath. 



"The seals, when driven thus to the killing-grounds, require 

 but little urging; they are permitted to frequently halt and 

 cool off, as heating them injures their fur; they never show 

 fight any more than a flock of sheep would do, unless a few old 

 .seals are mixed in, which usually get so weary that they prefer 

 to come to a stand-still and fight rather than to move; this action 

 on their part is of great advantage to all parties concerned, and 

 the old fellows are always permitted to drop behind and remain, 

 for the fur on them is of little or no value, the pelage very much 

 shorter, coarser, and more scant than in the younger, especially 

 -so on the parts posteriorly. This change in the condition of 

 the fur seems to set in at the time of their shedding, in the 

 fifth year as a rule. 



"As the drove progresses the seals all move in about the same 



