414 FAMILY PHOCIDJE. 



Subfamily 2. Phocina, with, originally, the genera Phoca and Cal- 

 locephalus, to which were added later Pagomys, Pagophilus, and 

 Halicyon. Subfamily 3. Trichisina (or Trichechina, as spelled 

 later), with the genera Halichcerus and Trichecus (or Trichechus, 

 as spelled later). Subfamily 4. Cystophorina, with the genera 

 Cystophora and Morunga. Subfamily 5. Arctocephalina (includ- 

 ing all the Eared Seals). 



In 1866 Gill restricted the family Phocidce to the Earless 

 Seals a group equivalent to Turner's subfamily Phocina and 

 divided it into three subfamilies, as follows : 1. Phocince, includ- 

 ing the genera 'Phoca, Pagomys, Pagophilus, Erignaihus, Hali- 

 chcerus, and Monachus ; 2. Cystophorince, including the genera. 

 Cystophora and Hacrorhinus; 3. Stenorhynchince, with the gen- 

 era Lobodon, Stenorhynchus, Leptonyx, and Ommatophoca. Gill's 

 Phocince is the equivalent of Gray's Phocina and Trichechina, 

 with the addition to the former of Monachus and the exclusion 

 from the latter of Trichechus, while Gill's Cystophorince and Steno- 

 rhynchince are the exact equivalents of Gray's groups of similar 

 name, except that Monachus is excluded from the latter. 



In 1869 Gray separated from the Phocidce the Walruses and 

 the Otaries as distinct families, thereby restricting the Phocidce 

 to the Earless Seals, as Gill had previously done, but divided 

 the Phocidce into five " tribes." His classification of the group 

 as presented by him in 1871 is as follows: Family Phocidce. 

 Tribe I. Phocina, with the genera Callocephalus, Pagomys^ Pago- 

 philus, Halicyon, Phoca. Tribe II. Haliclicerina, = genus Hali- 

 chcerus. Tribe III. Monachina, = genus Monachus. Tribe TV. 

 Stenorhynchina, with the genera StenorhynchuSj Lobodon, Lep- 

 tonyx, Ommatophoca. Tribe V. Cystophorina, with the genera 

 Morunga and Cystophora. The difference between the two 

 schemes consists (1) in the equivalency of Gill's Phocina' with 

 Gray's first three " tribes," and (2) in the designations " sub- 

 families" and "tribes." Gill's scheme of division of the family 

 into three subfamilies has been adopted by most subsequent 

 writers, even Gray himself adopting it in 1874. The three 

 "subfamilies" now so currently accepted seem to be well- 

 marked natural groups, but whether entitled to the rank thus 

 accorded may perhaps be open to question. 



GENERA. The first dismemberment of the Linna3au genus 

 Phoca, after the removal of the Eared Seals by Peron in 1816,* 



* For a discussion of Pusa, Scopoli, 1777, see poslca under the genus Hdli- 

 dioerus. The term was generically applied to what seems to have been 

 Phoca fcetida, "but fortunately slumbered for a century, when it was unhap- 

 pily revived. 



