TECHNICAL HISTORY SPECIES. 425 



They are, 1. The Kassigiak (= Phoca vitulina)] 2. Attar soak 

 (= Phoca grcenlandica) ; 3. Neitsek (= Phoca fcetida) ; 4. Neiter- 

 soak, called also Clapmutz (= Cystophora cristata}; and 5. Utsuk 

 (=Erignathus barbatus). The Neitsek or Kinged Seal (Phoca 

 fcetida) appears to be here for the first time indicated. 



Pennant, in 1771, formally introduced three species into his 

 " Synopsis of Quadrupeds" under English names, the Neitsek 

 appearing under the name "Rough Seal." His description of 

 this species is based wholly on Cranz, and those of the "Harp" 

 and "Hooded" Seals on Egede and Cranz. In 1776 these spe- 

 cies all received systematic names at the hands of Fabricius, in 

 an iuedited MS. in Miiller's "Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus" (p. 

 viii of the Introduction, received after the main body of the 

 work was printed), except the long previously named Kassigiak 

 (Phoca vitulina). Fabricius's names, however, were unaccompa- 

 nied by descriptions, but carried with them the common Ice- 

 landic and Greenlandic names of the species indicated, by 

 means of which they are susceptible of strict identification, 

 aside from their being identified later by Fabricius's own de- 

 scriptions and references to them. The following is a literal 

 transcript of Fabricius's inedited list : 



"PHOCA leonina capite antice cristato., I. Blandruselr. Gr. 

 -Neitscrsoalc. 



"Ph. fcetida, I. Utielr. Gr. Neitselc, Neitsilek. 



"Ph. grcenlandica, I. Vadeselr. Gr. Ata"k. 



"Ph. barbata, I. Gramselr. Gr. UrJcsulc."* 



Here is the origin of the names still in current use for three 

 -of the four species here named by Fabricius. t 



Simultaneously with the publication of Muller's "Prodromus" 

 must have appeared the first fasciculus of the third part of 

 Schreber's "Saugthiere" (as appears by contemporaneous evi- 

 dence, although the completed part bears date 1778), in which 

 all these and two other species of Seals are described, in ad- 

 dition to the common Phoca vitulina. In the text they are 

 mentioned only under vernacular names, but the plate of the 



* It is worthy of note in this connection that Mtiller himself, on page 1 of 

 the "Prodromus," under Phoca vitulina, cites the names of "Klapiniits" 

 and " Svartside." He then gives a list of Icelandic, Greenlandic, and other 

 vernacular names of Seals, respecting which he says information is desira- 

 ble, and adds "varietates an species'?" Yet Miiller is quite commonly 

 quoted as the authority for these Fabrician names. 



t The first species of the list bears the name previously given by Linne* to 

 :.the Sea-Lion of the Antarctic Seas. 



