426 FAMILY PHOCID^E. 



"Neitsek" bears the name Phoca liispida, between which and 

 Fabricius's Phoca fcetida there is consequently a troublesome 

 question of priority.* In Schreber's work are first formally 

 introduced into a general systematic treatise, the Siberian Seal 

 and the Caspian Seal (based wholly respectively on previous 

 descriptions of the same by Steller and Gmelint), and "Der 

 graue Seehund," commonly referred to Halichoerus grypux. 

 Schreber also described, under the head of Phoca, two species 

 of Utary. His species are the following: 1. Der Seebar, Phoca 

 ursina (= Ursus marinm) ; 2. Derglatte Seelowe, Phoca leonina 

 ( = primarily Anson's Sea Lion); 3. Der zottige Seelowe, Phoca 

 jubata (= primarily Steller's Leo marinus, but including also the 

 Southern Sea-Lion) ; 4. Phoca mtulina ; 5. Der graue Seehund 

 (= Erignatlms barbatus}; 6. Der sibirische Seehund (Phoca 

 sibirica); 7. Der caspische Seehund (= Ph oca caspica); 8. Der 

 Schwarzside (= Phoca granlandica); 9. Der rauhe Seehund 

 (named Phoca hispida on the plate); 10. Der Klappmiize 

 (= Cystophora cristata}; 11. Der grosse Seehund (= Phoca 

 barbata + H. grypus) ; 12. Der kleine geohrte Seehund, Phoca 

 pusilla. These twelve species, excepting the last, all represent 

 valid species, nine of which belong to the present family. 

 He mentions, however, Olafsen's Gramm-Selur as still another 

 " grosse Seehundsart," but does not formally notice it as a spe- 

 cies. His Der grosse Seehund, it should be further noticed, is 

 based on the Utsuk of Cranz and the Ut-Selur of Olafsen, com- 

 bining an account of the habits of the latter with a description 

 of the external characters of the other. 



Olavsen (or Olafsen, as more commonly written), in his account 

 of his trdlvels in Iceland, published in 1772, J repeatedly alludes 

 to the various species of Seals met with in Iceland. As already 

 noticed, Olafsen is quoted by Schreber, and quite frequently by 

 later writers. While he describes quite fully their habits, dis- 

 tribution, and products, he has very little to say of their external 



* For a discussion of tliis point see postea under Phoca fmilda. 



t Schreber' s "Der caspische Seehund" is based on the account of the 

 Caspian Seal given by Gmelin in 1770, in the third volume (p. 246) of his 

 Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Naturreiche. 



1 1 cite here the German edition entitled "Des Bice-Lavmands Eggert 

 Olafsens und des Landphysici Biarne Povelsens Reise durch Island, veran- 

 staltet von der Kouiglichen Societat der Wissenschaften in Kopenhagen 

 und beschrieben von bemeldtem Eggert Olafsen. Aus dem Danischeu iiber- 

 setzt. Mit 25 Kupfertafeln und einer neuen Charte iiber Island versehen. 

 Kopenhagen und Leipzig bey Heinecke und Faber, 1774." Zwci Thoilen, -\ : . 



