438 FAMILY PHOCIIXSJ. 



Under the generic term Phoca are here of course included the 

 Otaries as well as the Phocids. These nineteen species are sim- 

 ply those of Pennant, with the addition of Latin names. 



In 1806 Turton brought out his " General System of Nature 77 

 (the dedication is dated 1800) in which (vol. i, pp. 38-40) nine- 

 teen species of Phoca are given, they being the selfsame nine- 

 teen enumerated by Kerr in 1792. 



Peron,* in 1816, described in great detail the Sea-Elephant of 

 the Southern Seas under the name Phoca proboscidea, claiming 

 that the Linnaean name was not strictly tenable. He also 

 named t Bu if oil's "Phoque a ventre blanc" Phoca leucog aster 

 ( = Phoca monachus, Hermann), and gave the name Phoca resima$ 

 to "le grand Phoque des iles St.-Pierre et St.-Paul d' Amster- 

 dam, dont Macartney, Cox et Mortimer nous ont successivernent 

 donne Pinteressante histoire" (= Macrorhimis leoninus, fern.), 

 thus introducing three synonyms. 



In the same year (1816) appeared the second part of Oken's 

 "Lehrbuch der Katurgeschichte", in which sixteen species are 

 enumerated under Phoca. The only noteworthy points are 

 bestowal upon Molina's Phoca lupina of the name tetradactyla, 

 the omission of all of Kerr's and Shaw's new names, and the 



1 inclusion of three of Thuuberg's (namely Phoca sericea, P. canina, 

 and P. variegata). 

 Desmarest gave in 1817 a very fair monograph of the Seals, 



( especially considering the date of publication. He distinguishes, 

 first, with commendable discrimination, seven species " sans 

 oreilles " which he considers are not sufficiently well known to 

 take a place in a list of the species, or to be referred with cer- 

 tainty to other species. These are very properly : 1. Phoca Ion- 

 gicollis, Shaw; 2. P. tcstudinea, Shaw; 3. P.fasciata, Shaw; 4. 



. P.punctata, "Encycl. angl.";|| 5. P. maculata, "Encycl. angl."; 



* Voy. aux Terr. Austr. vol. ii, 1816, pp. 32-66, pi. xxxii. 



t L. c., p. 47, footnote. 



JL. c., p. 66. 



f Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. xxv, article "Phoque", 1817, pp. 544-590. 



|| The "Encycl. angl." here quoted by Desmarest, and later by F. Cuvier 

 and Lesson, and by Fischer as "Enc. Brit.," is doubtless Rees's "Cyclo- 

 paedia ; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature," in which 

 I find under "PHOCA" (vol. xxviii, of the "first American edition," with- 

 out date, but given in catalogues as published 1806-1824), the names here 

 cited by Desmarest, as well as additional ones cited by Fischer (see beyond, 

 p. 446). The authorship of the article is not given, but the editor of the 

 work states that the zoological portions were chiefly prepared by Donovan. 

 The matter relating to the Seals could scarcely be more noxious, the ac- 



