440 FAMILY PHOCID^E. 



cases referable with certainty to other species. Three nominal 

 species of previous authors are correctly allocated. All are in- 

 troduced under the generic name (or rather " sous-genre" as 

 he terms it) Phoca, and all are true Phocids. His accepted 

 species are the following : 1. Phoca proboscidea ; 2. Phoca coxii 

 (sp. nov.= " Sea Lion, John Henry Cox, Description of the Island 

 called St.-Paulo by the Dutch, and by the English" = P. resima, 

 Pe*ron = MacrorMnus leoninus, female) ; 3. Phoca monachus 

 (correctly covers P. bicolor, Shaw, and P. albiventer Bodd.) ; 4. 

 Phoca grcenlandica (includes P. oceanica, Lepechin); 5. Phoca 

 cristata; 6. Phoca leporina (ex Lepechin) ; 7. Phoca vitulina ; 8. 

 Phoca maculata (ex Boddaert); 9. Phoca hispida (= P.fwtida); 

 10. Phoca lakhtak (sp. nov. = Lachtak, Krascheninikow) ; 11. 

 Phoca lupina (ex Molina). Only six of these are valid, to which 

 may be added one from the list of doubtful species, making 

 seven in all. 



In 1820 Desmarest gave a second account of the Earless 

 Seals in the "Encyclopedic methodique" (vol. clxxxii, Mammal- 

 ogie, Part i, 1820, pp. 237-247, Part ii, 1822, 541), recognizing 

 thirteen species as valid, all of which are referred, as before, to 

 Pe"ron 7 s "subgenus" Phoca. They are: 1. Phoca proboscidea 

 (= Macrorhinus leoninus) $ 2. Phoca ansoni (cites " Phoca leonina, 

 Linn., Gmel., Erxl."), based in part on a skull of Otaria jubata, 

 and in part on Anson's Sea Lion, which is his Phoca probos- 

 cidea; 3. Phoca byroni (ex Blainville MSS., based, it is stated, 

 on a skull in the Hunterian collection labelled " Sea Lion from 

 the Island of Tinian, by Commodore Byron"; = Macrorhinus 

 leoninus); 4. Phoca cristata; 5. Phoca monachus ; 6. Phoca ocean- 

 ica; 7. Phoca leporina; 8. Phoca vitulina; 9. Phoca grcen- 

 landica; 10. Phoca fcetida; 11. Phoca barbata; 12. Phoca leptonyx 

 (" Blainv.") ; 13. Phoca albicauda (Phoca groenlandica). Of these 

 thirteen species three (Phoca ansonij P. byroni, and P. albicauda) 

 are here first named ; all are nominal. Two other nominal 

 species are Lepechin's Phoca oceanica and P. leporina^ leaving 

 eight valid species. Desmarest appends a list of eleven species, 

 briefly characterized, "qui sont bien moins connus" than those 

 more formally recognized, these being as follows: 1. Phoca 

 lupina ; 2. Phoca coxii / 3. Phoca longicollis ; 4. Phoca testudi- 

 nea; 5. Phoca fasciata; 6. Phoca punctata ; 7. Phoca maculata ; 

 8. Phoca nigra ; 9. Le Phoque lakhtak ( = Phoca laktaJc, Desm., 

 1817) : 10. Le Phoque tigre; 11. Le Phoque grumm-selur. 



The present enumeration differs much from the same author's 



