446 FAMILY FHocnxas. 



10. Phoca frederici (= discolor, F. Cuvier); 11. Phoca pylayi 

 (= lagura, G. Cuvier); 12. Phoca demaresti (= albicauda, Des- 

 marest) ; 13. Phoca hermanni ( = monachus, Hermann, to which 

 3,re referred also albiventer, Bodd., and leucogaster, Peron) ; 14. 

 Phoca chorisi (= Chien de Mer, Choris); 15. Phoca byroni (ex 

 Blainville) ; 16. Phoca homei (= leptonyx, Blaiuville) ; 17. Phoca 

 weddelli (Otaria weddelli, Less.); 18. Phoca proboscidea (includes 

 leonina, Linn., elephantina, Molina, .and ansoni, Desm., in part). 



Of these eighteen " species " nine are purely nominal; eleven 

 are needlessly renamed, and in addition to which Choris's 

 ^ Chien de Mer" is for the first time introduced into systematic 

 nomenclature, thereby adding in all twelve synonyms in a 

 notice of eighteen supposed species, representing only nine 

 valid ones. The only redeemable feature is the proper alloca- 

 tion of twelve nominal species of preceding authors. He also 

 considers it probable that Pe"ron 7 s Phoca resima, Desrnarestfs 

 Phoca coxii, and Molina's Phoca lupina, should be referred to his 

 Phoca proboscidea. Of the nine valid species only two stand 

 under tenable specific names. 



Fischer, in 1829, in his " Synopsis Maminaliuin," recognized 

 eighteen species of "Phocce" under his division u ]\ Auriculis 

 nuUis" (1. c., pp. 234-242, "375-378," t. e., 575-578), which are 

 as follows: 1. Phoca leonina, Linn. (= P. proboscidea, Peron); 

 2. Phoca ansonij Desm. ; 3. Phoca byroni, Blainv. (the three pre- 

 ceding all referable, either wholly or in part, to Macrorhinus 

 leoninus) ; 4. Phoca monachus, Herm. ; 5. Phoca vitulina, Linn. ; 



6. Phoca leporina, Lepech.; 7. Phoca discolor (= Callocephalus 

 discolor, F. Cuv.) ; 8. Phoca scopulicola, Thienm. ; 9. Phoca leu- 

 copla, Thienm.; 10. Phoca lagura, G. Ouv. ; 11. Phoca grcen- 

 landica, " Milll." ; 12. Phoca grypus, Fabr. ; 13. Phoca hispida, 

 Schreber; 14. Phoca barbata, "Mull."; 15. Phoca leptonyx, 

 Blainv.; 16. Phoca weddelli, "Less."; 17. Phoca cristata, Erxl.; 

 18. Phoca chorisi, Less. Thirteen others are given as doubtful 

 or not well determined, one of which is here first named. These 

 are: 1. Phoca dubia (n. sp., = Macrorhinus leoninus, juv.*) ; 2. 

 Phoca oceanica, Lepech.; Phoca. lupina, Molina; 4. Phoca sericea, 

 Thunb. ; 5. Phoca canina, Thunb. ; 6. Phoca vitulina, Thunb. ; 



7. Phoca testudinea, Shaw ; 8. Phoca fasciata, Shaw ; 9. Phoca 

 punctata, " Ency. Brit."; 10. Phoca maculata, "Ency. Brit."; 



11. Phoca nigra, "Ency. Brit."; 13. Phoca antarctica, Thunb. 

 (= Arctocephalus antarcticus). In the "Addenda" (1830), how- 



* See Nilsson, Wiegmann's Archiv, 1841, pp. 324, 325. 



