690 HALICHOERUS GRYPUS GRAY SEAL. 



Halichcerm gryphus, BALL, Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., xviii, 1838, 89, pi. i 

 (animal, female and two young), pi. ii (skull, female), pi. iii (lower 

 jaw and teeth). BELL, Brit. Quad., 1837, 278 (figg. skull and ani- 

 mal); ibid., 1874, 262. REINHARDT, Kr^yer's Naturhist.-Tidsskr., 

 iv, 1843, 313; Isis, 1845, 702. REEKS, Zoologist, 1871, 2549 (New- 

 foundland). GRAY, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., ix, 1872, 

 322 (occurrence in Brit. Isl.); ibid., xiv, 1874, 96 (Cornwall). 

 MALM, Goteborgs och Bohuslans Fauna Ryggradsjuren, 1877, 145. 



Halichcerus griseus, Nilsson, Skand. Faun., i, 1820, 377. HORNSCHUCH, Isis, 

 1824, 810. LESSON, Man. de Mam., 1827, 205. HAMILTON, Amphib. 

 Carniv., 1839, 174, pi. x. SELBY, Ann. Nat. Hist., vi, 1841, 462- 

 (Farn Islands). 



Phoca halichcerus, THIENEMANN, "Reise in Norden Europa's, i, 1824, 142." 



Phoca scopulicola, THIENEMANN, "Reise in Norden Europa's, i, 1824, 59, pi. 

 v (adult male)." (Iceland.) FISCHER, Syn. Mam., 1829, 237 (from 

 Thienemann and Lesson). 



Callocephalus scopulicolus, Lesson, Man. de Mam., 1820, 199 (=Phoca scopu- 

 licola, Thienemann). 



Phoca thienemanni, Lesson, Diet, class. d'Hist. Nat., xiii, 1828, 414 (=Phoca 

 scopulicola, Thienemann). 



Halichcerus macrorhynchus, HORNSCHUCH and SCHILLING, Arch, fiir Natur- 

 gesch., 1851, 22. 



Halichcerus pachyrhynchm, HORNSCHUCH and SCHILLING, Arch, fur Natur- 

 gesch., 1851, 22. 



Phoca larbata, EDMONSTONE, View of the Zetland Islands, ii, 1809, 294. 

 SELBY, Zoolog. Journ., ii, 1826, 465. FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Anirn., 

 1828, 18. JENYNS, Brit. Vert., 1835, 16. MACGILLIVRAY, Brit. 

 I Quad., 1838, 212 (in part). HAMILTON, Amphib. Carnivora, 1839, 



145, pi. "3", iv (in part only the biographical matter relating to 

 British localities). BELL, Hist. Brit. Quad., 1837, 274 (the British 

 references only). 



Seal from the South Seas, HOME, Phil. Trans., 1822, pi. xxvii (skull). 



Gray Seal, English ; Graue Seehund, German ; Grd Sial, Grd Skiil, Swedish ; 

 Krumsnude de Seel, Danish ; Tapvaist, Hebridian ; Haaf-fish, Orca- 

 dian ; Ut-Selur, Wetrar-Selur, Icelandic. 



EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. Color of the adults silver-gray, 

 ash-gray, or dusky-gray, with obscurely defined spots of dusky 

 or blackish, the general color varying in different individuals 

 from nearly uniform silvery, or yellowish-white, to dusky or even 

 black, the lighter examples with or without blackish spots. 

 The young are at first white or yellowish- white, but s^oon be- 

 come dingy-yellow, blotched irregularly with blackish-gray, 

 and later acquire still darker tints. The pelage in the young 

 is soft and woolly, in the adults short and rigid and rather 

 sparse, the hairs flattened, adpressed, often recurved at the 

 tips. The mystacial bristles are abundant, large, stiff, flat- 

 tened, and waved or crenulated on both margins. Fore feet 



