698 HALICHCERUS GRYPUS GRAY SEAL. 



that the genus Halichcerus was there represented by three spe- 

 cies; they describing as new H. macrorhynchus and H. pachy- 

 rhynchus, but these have not been accepted as valid by subse- 

 quent writers.* 



As will be noticed later more in detail, the Gray and the 

 Bearded Seals have often been confounded, especially by Brit- 

 ish authors 5 consequently all the references to the Bearded 

 Seal as a British species really relate to Halichcerus grypus.\ 



* I know of Hornsclmch and Schilling's brochure only through citations by 

 authors. I quote the following abstract of the paper from Prof. Andreas 

 Wagner's "Bericht iiber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Sauge- 

 thiere wahrend des Jahres 1850": "Ihre 3 Arten sind folgende: 1) H. 

 macrorhynchus, die 1 a n g s c h n a u z i g e M e e r r ob b e (H. grypus s. griseus 

 Nilss. ) ; Riicken aschgrau, ins Griinliche schiessend, schwach silberartig 

 schillernd und mit wenigen kleinen graubraunen Flecken bestreut. Schadel 

 in alien seinen Theilen s e h r gestreckt und sein oberer Uinriss bildet eine 

 in der Mitte stark gesenkte Linie; die Eckzahne stark. Obwohl 

 Zeichnung und Farbe bedeutend variiren, so behalten sie doch immer einen 

 eigenthiimlichen Typus, welches auch bei den folgenden Arten der Fall ist. 

 2) H. Grypus Pabr. , diekrummnasigeMeerrobbe; Riikken weis- 

 grau, stark ins Griinliehblaue ziehendmitstarkemSilberschiller und vielen 

 grosseren und kleineren, unregelmassigen, mehr oder minder ineinander ver- 

 fliessenden schwarzen Flecken. Schadel kurz uud ziemlich hoch, sein oberer 

 Umriss bildet eine bogenformige Linie ; die Eckzhane sind schwacher 

 als bei der folgenden Art. 3) H. pachyrliynchus, die dichschnauzige 

 Meerrobbe; Riikken silb^rweiss, ins Griiulichblaugraue schiessend, glan- 

 zend, mit kleinen und massig grossen, langlichen, schwarzbraunen, unregel- 

 massigen Flecken. Schadel ziemlich kurz, viel weniger gestreckt als bei 

 H. macrorhynchus, sein oberer Umriss bildet eine beinahe gerade, bis 

 zum Anfange der Nasenbeine sich etwas erhebende, dann 

 eich stark senkeade Linie; 'die Zahne starker als bei H. macrorhynchus." 

 Troschel's Arch, fur Naturg., 1851, ii, p. 29. 



t Mr. Selby admits that much of this confusion, at least so far as regards 

 the " Great Seal of the Farn Islands," is due to his erroneously referring it, 

 in 1826, to the Phoca barbata, but to Mr. Selby is also due the credit of later (in 

 1841) making known the affinities of the "Great Seal" of the Farn Islands. 

 After alluding to the fact that the large Seal of the Northumberland coast 

 was referred to Phoca barbata by both Jenyns and Bell on his authority, and 

 stating the reasons that led to his erroneous determination, he says : " . . . 

 having requested the person who at present rents these [Farn] islands to 

 send me the heads of auy Seals he might be fortunate enough to kill, at the 

 usual time of his visiting the island to which they retire to calve, (which 

 they do about the 10th or 15th of November, ) I have had an opportunity of 

 examining three heads, which I received in a fresh state about six weeks 

 ago, one being that of an adult female, the other two belonging to younger 

 animals, all of which upon examination proved to belong to Halichcerm 

 griseus, agreeing in every essential character with Mr. Bell's description of 

 that animal, and with the drawings given me by Mr. Ball ; and as no other 



