xiv Illustrations 



PAGE 



FIG. 97. Typical nest of Robin, the mud-mold of which is con- 

 cealed by fine grass . . . . . . .154 



FIG. 98. Female Brown Thrush brooding in displaced nest . . 157 



FIG. 99. Very elaborate nest of the Great Herring Gull nicely 

 modeled and built up several inches from the surface 

 of the ground . . . . . . . .162 



FIG. 100. The builder of the nest sitting over her eggs . . -163 



FIG. i oi. The Common Tern brooding a little chick which is able 



to run about and has left its nest . . . .166 



FIG. 102. The Great Herring Gull frequently turns the eggs with 



her bill upon entering the nest . . . . .169 



FIG. 103. Domestic chick at the thirty-third hour of incubation; 

 enlarged nearly ten times. Photomicrograph by Mr. 

 Carl B. James . . . . . . . 171 



FIG. 104. The Herring Gull when nearly ready to break out of the 

 egg. Great Duck Island, Maine, July 6, 1903. Di- 

 mensions of egg 2^| by 2 inches . . . .172 



FIG. 105. The brooding Chestnut-sided Warbler . . . .174 



FIG. 106. The same bird shielding the young and bristling at the nest 175 



FIG. 107. Female Chestnut-sided Warbler brooding with throat 



puffed out and head-feathers erect . . . .176 



FIG. 108. Female Kingbird astride nest in the characteristic in- 

 stinctive attitude of shielding her brood from the 

 heat of the sun . . . . . . . 177 



FIG. 109. The oldest pictures of the home-life of birds. Detail of 

 hunting scene in stone-relief from tomb of Mereruka, 

 Sakkara, Egypt, over four thousand years old; the 

 conventional representation of a papyrus thicket, 

 with many nesting birds and occasionally a mongoose 

 attacking them. The birds are usually represented 

 as spreading, and in sitting posture. Compare Figs. 

 10 and 108 ... .... 178 



FIG. no. Gull yawning like a dog or cat; photographed at the 

 close of respiration showing the uplifted tongue and 

 puffed-out cheeks . . . . . .179 



FIG. i ii. Eggs of the Cedar Waxwing, and its young in various in- 

 stinctive attitudes crouching, and the typical reflex 

 response to sound or vibrations of any kind . .180 



FIG. 112. Female Redwing Blackbird placing food in the throat of 



its nursling . . . . . . . .182 



FIG. 113. The same bird awaiting the reflex response of the throat 

 and gullet of young. If not forthcoming, the food is 

 withdrawn, and another is tested . . . -183 



FIG. 114. Kingbirds rending an unruly grasshopper . . . 184 



