THE HUMMING BIRDS. 327 



trices (except middle pair) greenish basally, black subterininally, and 

 tipped with white. 

 They may be distinguished by the following characters : 



a 1 . Adult males with chin only and a line thence along anterior lateral edge of gorget 



opaque black, the remainder of the gorget reddish. 



I) 1 . Gorget fiery metallic crimson or rub3 T -red, changing to golden red. Hob. eastern 

 North America. T. colubris LINN. Ruby-throated Humming Bird. (Page 327.) 

 6*. Gorget auricula-purple. Hal). Santa Barbara, California. 



T. violajugulum JEFFRIES. Violet-throated Humming Btrd.(Page 329.) 

 a 2 . Adult male with more than upper half of gorget opaque black. Lower part of 

 gorget metallic violet. Bab. western North America. 



T. alexandri BOURC. and MULS. Black- chinned Humming Bird. (Page 331.) 



RUBY-THROATED HUMMING BIRD. Trochilus colubris LINN. 

 (Plate xxxvn.) 



Trochilus colubris LINN., S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 120. WILS., Am. Oru. 11, 1810, 26, pi. 

 10, figs. 3, 4.-NUTT., Man. I, 1832, 588. AUD., Oru. Biog. i, 1832, 248; v, 1S39, 

 544, pi. 47; Synop. 1839, 170; B. Am. iv, 1842, 190, pi. 253. GOULD, Mon. Troch. 

 in, 1861, pi. 131. B. B. andR., Hist. N. Am. B. n. 1874, 448, pi. 47, fig. 2. 



Trochilus aurigularia LAWR., Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y. vu, Feb. 1862, 458. 



Northern Humming Bird (SwAiNSON). 



Red-throated Humming Bird. 



L' Ornismya petit rubis (MULSANT and VERREAUX). 



Chupamirto rubi (FERRARI-PEREZ). 



Chupamirto color de fuego (D'OcA). 



RANGE. In summer, the whole of temperate eastern North America, 

 north in the interior, to latitude 59, west to the Great Plains. In 

 winter, from southern Florida (Punta Rassa, Key West, etc.), Bahamas, 

 Cuba, Porto Rico, and eastern Mexico through Central America as far 

 as Veragua ; Bermudas. 



SP. CHAR. Adult male : Chin, and aline thence backward to beneath 

 the eye, opaque velvety black, the rest of the gorget intense metallic crim- 

 son, changing to golden red; tail forked for about 0.30-0.35; length 

 about 3.07-3.75, wing 1.60, tail 1.25, exposed culmen 0.55-0.65. Adult 

 female: Tail double-rounded, the outer feathers about as long as mid- 

 dle pair (sometimes a little shorter), the middle pair wholly green, 

 the rest green basally, then black, the three outer pairs broadly tipped 

 with white; length about 3.50-3.90, wing 1.80, tail 1.20, culmen 0.70. 

 Young male: Similar to adult female, but throat streaked with dusky, 

 feathers of upper parts more or less distinctly margined with pale 

 buffy, and tail more forked. Young female : Similar to young male, 

 but throat without streaks, and tail more rounded. 



Adult male (No. 2713, Washington, District of Columbia, 1843 ; S. F. 

 Baird) : Above metallic bronze green, becoming darker and duller on 

 top of the head, where the metallic gloss almost disappears on the fore- 

 head the green brightest on rump, upper tail coverts, and middle 

 pair of tail feathers ; remiges dull slate blackish, with a faint purplish 

 gloss ; tail-feathers (except middle pair) darker and with more distinct 



