Protective vaccinations 463 



rabbits and dogs, justified Pasteur in 1885 in attempting the first 

 vaccinations of persons bitten by rabid animals, especially dogs. The 

 encouraging results of these early attempts led to the foundation 

 of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, devoted, in part, to antirabic vac- 

 cinations. Shortly afterwards, antirabic Institutes were founded in 

 many other European towns, and later in North and South America, 

 in Indo-China, the East Indies, and in Africa. At present there are 

 in France six such Institutes (Paris, Lille, Marseilles, Montpellier, 

 Lyons, Bordeaux), in Russia 9, in Italy 6, etc. The last of these 

 institutions founded in Europe is that of Berlin, where it forms a 

 branch of the Institute for Infective Diseases carried on under the 

 direction of Robert Koch. The foundation of an antirabic institute 

 in Berlin had a very important significance from several points of 

 view. In the first place, it indicates the definite acceptance of the 

 Pasteurian method, a method which has been discussed so long and 

 so keenly. Secondly, it proves that even in a State where there is a 

 highly organised sanitary police, antirabic vaccinations may still be 

 of great service. 



Seeing that it was in the Pasteur Institute of Paris that the 

 method of antirabic vaccinations was first elaborated and that it 

 has undergone a very prolonged ordeal, the method there used 

 serves as a model for the practice of almost all other institutes. 

 Although in some of them methods which differ more or less from 

 the original may have been introduced, the fundamental principle 

 upon which they are based remains the same. 



According to the Pasteurian method properly so called the 

 vaccinal inoculations are commenced with cords that have been 

 dried for 14 days and have thus lost their virulence. A piece five 

 millimetres long is pounded up with very weak veal broth. Up to 

 3 c.c. of the emulsion thus prepared is injected below the skin of the 

 flank. The same day a second injection of the same quantity of an 

 emulsion of a cord which has been drying for 13 days is made at the 

 corresponding position on the opposite side. Each day an advance 

 is made by injecting emulsions of cord which are increasingly fresh 

 and the treatment is concluded by the introduction of virulent cords, 

 which have been kept at 23 C. for 3 days only. The ordinary 

 medium treatment lasts for 15 days. On the first 5 days two vaccine 

 injections a day are made. On the last 10 days, when gradually 

 fresher and more virulent cords are employed, only a single in- [486] 

 jection is made each day. The injections are made with syringes of 



