MECHANISM IN INFECTIONS WITH SEMIPARASITES 89 



about under ordinary conditions). In the first, represented by the 

 anthrax bacillus, the serum in itself is either inactive or shows but 

 slight inhibitory qualities, while the combination of serum with 

 leukocytes has strong antibacterial properties which can be com- 

 pletely overcome, however, through the aggressivity of the organism. 



The second type is represented by various streptococci, staphylo- 

 cocci and certain vibrios (el Tor.), i. e., organisms which stand very 

 close to the group of the true parasites. In such infections the 

 serum alone manifests but little bactericidal effect, while the anti- 

 bacterial action of the serum, when combined with leukocytes, is 

 strongly marked and can be only partially overcome by the aggres- 

 sivity of the organism. 



In the third type the serum alone, as well as in combination with 

 leukocytes, shows marked antibacterial properties, the former by 

 itself being sometimes sufficient to offset the aggressivity of the 

 corresponding bacteria. The animalization of the organisms is here 

 of little avail, as a protective measure against phagocytosis, while 

 it is partially effective in the case of the serum. Most members 

 of the typhoid and the vibrio group fall under this category. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Nuttall, G. Experimente iiber d. bakterienfeindlichen Einfliisse d. tierischen 

 Korpers, Zeit. f. Hyg., 1888, iv, 253. 



v. Fodor, J. Neuere Untersuchungen iiber d. bakterientotende Wirkung d. 

 Blutes u. iiber Immunisation, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1890, vii, 753. 



Buchner, H. Ueber d. bakterientotende Wirkung d. zellenfreien Blutserums, 

 Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1889, v, 817; 1889, vi, 1. 



Idem. Weitere Untersuchungen iiber d. bakterienfeindlichen und globuliziden 

 Wirkungen d. Blutserums, Arch. f. Hyg., 1892, xvii, 112. 



Denys, J., et Raisin, A. Le pouvoir bactericide du sang. La Cellule, 1893, ix, 

 337. 



On Pfeiffer's Phenomenon: 



Pfeiffer, R. Zeit. f. Hyg., xviii, xix, 75; xx, 198. 

 Wolff, A. Berlin, klin. Woch., 1903, Nos. 17-20. 



Buchner. Zur Kenntniss d. Alexine, ibid., 1900, xlvii, 277. 



Bordet, J. Sur 1'agglutination et la dissolution des globules rouges par le 

 serum des animaux injectcs de sang defibrine'. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1898, 

 xii, 688; 1899, xiii, 273; idem, Le mecanisme de 1'agglutination, Ann. de 1'Inst. 

 Pasteur, 1899, xiii, 225. 



Bordet, J. Sur le mode d'action des serums cytolytiques et sur 1'unite de 

 1'alexine dans un memo serum, Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1901, 303. 



Bordet, J., et Gengou, O. Sur 1'existence des substances sensibilisatrices 

 dans la plupart des serums antimicrobiens, Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1901, xv, 289. 



Bordet, J. Note sur les theories de 1'hemolyse, Zeit. f. Imm., 1912, xii, 601. 



Sleeswijk, J. G. Die Spezifitat, Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung. Ergeb. 

 d. Immunitatsforsch., 1914, i, 395. 



