CHOLERA 203 



Symptoms following the Inoculation. As hi the case of the anti- 

 typhoid injections, the symptoms vary in different people. Locally 

 there is more or less pain which begins after five to six hours, with 

 relatively little redness and swelling. There is usually some eleva- 

 tion of temperature (101 to 102 F.), headache, and general malaise; 

 in women nausea and vomiting, and in about 10 per cent, of the 

 people diarrhea on the following day. After twenty-four to seventy- 

 two hours the symptoms have disappeared. 



Results. Kolle's method has been tested in Japan (1902), and 

 has apparently furnished reasonably satisfactory results, even though 

 the vaccination, as hi the case of the antityphoid treatment, does 

 not afford protection in all cases. In a certain district occupied by 

 903,194 people, Murata vaccinated 77,907 individuals, the result 

 being that the morbidity among the latter was only 0.06 per cent., 

 as contrasted with 0.13 per cent., when compared with the total 

 population, and the mortality (calculated in relation to the mor- 

 bidity) only 42.5 per cent., as compared with 75 per cent. In actual 

 figures this means that of 825,287 non-vaccinated people 1152 people 

 contracted the disease, resulting in 863 deaths, while of 77,907 

 vaccinated individuals only 48 were taken ill and 20 died. 



Even more convincing than these figures are certain individual 

 observations. In two villages which were close to a large cholera 

 focus, and in which all the inhabitants had been vaccinated, not a 

 single individual was taken ill, notwithstanding a most active 

 intercourse between the people. 



In a branch office of the Formosa Camphor Company all but three 

 individuals were inoculated (159). But one of the total number, 

 and this one a non-vaccinated person, developed the disease and 

 died. 



Similar results have been obtained by Haffkine in India, so that 

 the conclusion seems justifiable that vaccination with suitable material 

 actually affords a considerable degree of protection against Asiatic 

 cholera, and should be enforced as far as possible in times of epidemic. 

 Coupled with modern sanitary methods, vaccination should certainly 

 remove a great deal of the danger which attaches to this relic of 

 medieval lack of civilization. 



