268 PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION 



tinal bleeding in connection with cirrhosis of the liver and typhoid 

 fever, in hemorrhagic retinitis, etc. Moss suggests that in those 

 cases in which a notable degree of anemia has already developed, 

 the injection of large quantities of defibrinated human blood is 

 probably the best procedure, care being taken that a donor is selected 

 whose serum will not agglutinate or hemolyze the red corpuscles of 

 the recipient. In other cases normal rabbit serum will be found to 

 be just as efficacious. It has the advantage, moreover, of being 

 obtainable without difficulty, of being very little toxic, while the 

 chances that the patient has been rendered hypersensitive by previous 

 injections of rabbit serum are rather remote. 



While human blood has also been used quite extensively in the 

 treatment of advanced cases of pernicious anemia, leukemia, splenic 

 anemia, and pseudoleukemia, lasting effects have not beeen achieved, 

 while the immediate results, owing no doubt to the introduction of 

 the large number of normal red cells, may be quite satisfactory. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Petruschki. Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und d. bisherigen Ergebnisse 

 d. Serumtherapie, Volkmann's Sammlung. klin. Vortrage, Leipzig, 1898. 



Marx, E. Diagnostik, Serumtherapie und Prophylaxe,Coler-Bibliothek, 1902,ix. 



Roux, E., and Yersin. Contribution a I'e'tude de la diphtherie (I and II), Ann. 

 de. 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1888, ii, 629; 1889, iii, 273. 



Behring, E., and Wernicke. Ueber Immunisierung und Heilung v. Versuchs- 

 tieren b. d. Diphtherie, Zeit. f. Hyg., 1892, xii, 10. 



Roux, E., and Martin, L. Contribution a l'6tude de la diphtherie (serum- 

 therapie), Ann. de. 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1894, viii, 609. 



Ehrlich, P., and Wassermann. Ueber Gewinnung und Verwendung d. Diph- 

 therieheilserums, Deutsch. med. Woch., 1894, 353. 



Madsen, Th. Ueber Messungen d. Starke d. antidiphtheritischen Serums, 

 Zeit. f. Hyg., 1899, xxix, 425. 



Behring, E. Antitoxintherapeutische Probleme, Fortsch. d. Med., 1897, xv, 'l. 



Ehrlich, P. Wertbemessung d. Diphtherieheilserums, Jena, Fischer, 1897. 



Smith, Th. The Toxin of Diphtheria and its Antitoxin, Boston Med. and 

 Surg. Jour., 1898, cxxxix, 192. 



Park, W. H., and Atkinson, J. P. The Relation of the Toxicity of Diphtheria 

 Toxin to its Neutralizing Value upon Antitoxin at Different Stages in the Growth 

 of Culture, Jour. Exp. Med., 1898, iii, 573. 



Atkinson, J. P. The Fractional Precipitation of the Globulin and Albumin 

 of Normal Horse Serum and Diphtheria Antitoxic Serum, and the Antitoxic 

 Strength of the Precipitates, Jour. Exp. Med., 1900, v, 67. 



Hiss, P. H., and Atkinson, J. P. Serumglobulin and Diphtheria Antitoxin, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 1900, v, 47. 



Marx, E. Experimented Untersuchungen ii. d. Be/iehungen zwischen d. 

 Gehalt an Immunitatseinheiten u. d. schiitzenden und heilenden Wert d. Diph- 

 therieheilserums, Zeit. f. Hyg., 1907, xxxviii, 372. 



