THIRD WEEK IN SEPTEMBER 



These new rubi (which are propagated by layering the 

 new growths in the autumn) should be put in during 

 October or February, using young or, in the case of the 

 wineberry, seedling plants ; many of these appear in our 

 borders, the seed being dropped no doubt by the birds, 

 who highly appreciate these berries, so much so that it 

 is often desirable to net them. 



Many gardeners fail to understand that the whole value 

 of the crop in the case of any species of rubus depends upon 

 the strength and extent of the surface roots, which spread 

 themselves a few inches below the soil horizontally ; and 

 this fact must be borne in mind from the first, for the roots 

 of a raspberry dropped perpendicularly into a hole made 

 with a dibble will never do much, whilst those which are 

 carefully spread out flatly around the cane, about 6 inches 

 below the surface of the soil, will make an excellent start, 

 and soon form a strong network of surface roots. The soil 

 should be well trenched and manured before the plants are 

 put in, and the spaces between the rows should be from 

 5 to 6 feet, each plant being placed about the same distance 

 (in the case of the loganberries and wineberries) from the 

 next in the row ; whilst raspberries, which are not so 

 vigorous, can be placed 3 feet apart, with an alley of 6 feet 

 between each row. 



The first year after planting raspberries it is desirable to cut 

 down the canes in February to within i foot of the ground, 

 in order to induce the formation of strong young growths. 

 These are tied together in arches the following autumn (all 

 expensive arrangements of stakes and wires being thus 

 avoided), and will produce fruit the next season after that 

 time, for most of the rubi need to ripen their summer 

 growths in the sunshine before they come into bearing. 

 After the second year the cultivation consists in cutting 

 away the old wood as soon as the crop is over, so as to give 

 the whole of the sap to the new growths, which (in the 

 case of raspberries) may be thinned, removing the smaller 

 and later shoots until six of the strongest are left, so as 

 to allow three canes to be tied over to meet another set 



