INJURY TO CROPS BY INSECT PESTS 5 



to insects is not far from an equivalent of 10 per cent of the value 

 of the annual output of forest products of all kinds, in the rough. 

 The total value of the forest products of the United States in 1907 

 is given as $1,280,000,000; the losses from insect depredations 

 would therefore represent an annual loss in cash value of more 

 than $100,000,000." To this should be added a similar loss to farm 

 woodlots, which may be estimated at an additional $10,000,000. 

 The insect injury to the shade trees of city streets, parks, 

 and estates should also be mentioned, for such pests as the gypsy 

 moth, the elm leaf-beetle, tussock moths, etc., are not only causing 

 enormous losses and large expense for their control, but they are 

 often reducing the values of real estate and through killing the 

 trees are destroying the scenic value of property and changing the 

 esthetic environment in a manner which it will require many 

 decades to remedy, if the previous conditions can ever be even 

 partially reproduced. The State Forester of Massachusetts has 

 recently shown that the New England States and the Federal 

 Government have spent fully $7,000,000 in fighting the gypsy and 

 brown-tail moths in New England, and at the present time the 

 New England States, the Federal Government, municipalities and 

 private individuals are spending over $1,000,000 per annum 

 in this warfare for the preservation of their shade and forest 

 trees. 



Live Stock. Insect pests, including the ticks and mites, are 

 almost as important as enemies of live stock as of crops. The 

 principal drawback to cattle raising in the South is the Texas 

 fever, transmitted by the cattle tick, which has been charged by 

 the officials of the bureau of Animal Industry with a loss of 

 $100,000,000 annually. The ox-warble, which causes the "grubby" 

 hides of cattle, causes a loss estimated at from $30,000,000 to 

 $50,000,000 per year due to the depreciated value of the hides and 

 the lessened quantity and poorer quality of the beef of affected 

 animals. The screw-worm fly is a constan< annoyance to cattle and 

 source of loss on the range, and numerous biting and parasitic flies 

 cause a considerable loss to the grower of live stock, both through 

 actual damage and through the annoyance preventing growth and 

 production. The sheep scab, sheep tick, the sheep bot causing 

 " staggers " or " grub-in-the-head "- horn-fly, buffalo-fly, black- 

 fly, and numerous species of lice which affect all of the domestic 

 animals, are among the pests which must be combated by the 



