INSECTS AFFECTING GRAINS, GRASSES, ETC. 115 



struct! ve to lawns, as was the case in Chicago in 1899. The fall 

 army-worm is more of a native of the Southern States, but 

 occurs from Canada to the Gulf and west to the Rockies. 



At first glance the caterpillars have much the same general 

 appearance as the army worm, but closer examination reveals 

 marked differences. Along each side of the body is a longitudinal 

 pitch-colored stripe, and along the middle is a yellowish-gray 

 stripe about twice as wide, which includes four black dots on 

 each segment. The caterpillars assume the habit of working 

 in armies, but usually do not feed in such large numbers as the 

 true army worms and thus are more difficult to combat. 



Life History. The winter is passed in the pupal state, the 

 pupae being about one-half 

 inch long and being found 

 in cells one-quarter to one- 

 half an inch below the sur- 

 face. The moths emerge in 

 the spring and the females 

 lay their eggs on grass in 

 clusters of fifty or more, each 

 mass being covered with the 

 mouse-colored hairs from the 

 body of the female. The 

 eggs hatch in about ten 

 days and the caterpillars are 

 found during May and June. 



The complete life history of FIG 97. The fall armv-worm: a moth, 



plain gray form; b, fore wing of Pro- 



the insect has not been care- denia-like form; c, larva extended; d, 

 fully followed, but it seems abdominal segment of larva, side view; 



e, pupa; d, twice natural size, others 



probable that there are but enlarged one-fourth. (After Chittenden, 

 two complete generations in ^. S. Dept. Agr.) 

 the North, three generations in the latitude of central and 

 southern Illinois and the District of Columbia, and four in the 

 extreme South. In any event, the destructive brood of cater- 

 pillars appears in August and early September. 



The parent moth is of a " general yellowish, ash-gray color, 

 with the second pair of wings almost transparent, but with a 

 purplish reflection. In extent of wings it measures about li 

 inches, and when closed the length of the insect is about three- 



