INSECTS INJURIOUS TO RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY 405 



the epidermis only The larva then descends into the tunnel and 

 pupates. 



The pupa is about three-quarters inch long, reddish-brown 

 the head bears a sharp-pointed process, and each abdominal 

 segment bears two transverse rows of sharp teeth. By means 

 of these the pupa wriggles itself out of the burrow until it pro- 

 jects from the aperture, and the adult moth emerges. This insect 

 occurs throughout the Middle and Northern States east of the 



FIG. 338. Work of the raspberry root-borer: a, two canes with empty pupa 

 cases projecting from burrows; 6, canes showing opening of tunnel 

 through which pupsB have wriggled out. (After Lawrence.) 



Rockies, is injurious in Washington and around Vancouver, B. C., 

 and has been observed in Colorado and New Mexico. 



Control. The only method of control is to pull up the infested 

 canes, root and branch, and destroy them by burning. As this 

 is the only means of controlling several pests of cane fruits, the 

 canes should always be gone over in spring and those showing 

 any injury removed. 



The Raspberry Cane-borer * 



If the tips of the young shoots of raspberry and blackberry 

 are found withered and dying they have probably been girdled 

 by the cane-borer. The adult beetle is about one-half inch long, 

 with a slender, cylindrical body and long antennae, and of a deep 

 black color except the prothorax, which is yellow with two or 

 three black spots, though these are sometimes lacking. 



* Oberea bimaculata Oliv. Family Cerambycidce. See Comstock and 

 Slingerland, Bulletin 23, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 122. 



