INSECTS INJURIOUS TO RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY 409 



feed mostly on plant-lice and other insects, as do the adults, and 

 though they occasionally nibble foliage, they are seldom in- 

 jurious, and both nymphs and adults must be regarded as 

 beneficial as far as their feeding habits are concerned. In the 

 North the nymphs become full grown late in July, and there is 

 but one generation a year, but in Texas they become full grown 

 late in June and eggs laid in early July hatch in about two 

 weeks; nymphs are common in late summer, and the adults of the 

 second generation in fall. 



Control. By examining the canes as soon as the foliage starts, 

 those injured may be detected and should be cut out and burned. 

 If not numerous enough to do appreciable damage they may be 

 ignored. 



The Red-necked Cane-borer * 



Sometimes the canes of raspberry and blackberry are found 

 with one or more elongate 

 galls, not over one-third 

 larger in diameter than the 

 normal cane, and usually 

 with numerous slits, which 

 have been called the 

 "gouty gall." The infested 

 shoots may throw out 

 leaves, but they rarely rip- 

 en fruit and usually die 

 during the season. By 

 opening the gall it will be 

 found that only the bark 

 has been injured by a 

 spiral channel which 

 girdles the stem and causes 

 the gall-like thickening of 

 the bark. Above the swel- 

 ling evidence will be 

 found of the borer's work 

 in the pith, and from one 

 to six inches above the 

 gall the slender white larve FlG - 344. The red-necked cane-borer (Agrilus 

 will be found at work. ^^ Fab.): beetle, larva and gall-all 



much enlarged. (After Riley.) 



* Agrilus ruficollis Feab. Family Buprestidce. See J. B. Smith, 

 Report N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 373; and F. M. Webster, I.e., p. 000. 



12th 



