410 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



There seems to be considerable difference in the susceptibility 

 of varieties, Dr. Smith observing that the " Wilson" and black- 

 cap raspberries are badly infested, while the " Missouri Mam- 

 moth" and others were unharmed. 



Life History. The eggs are laid in June and the young larva 

 enters the bark at the axil of a leaf-stem, and eats around the 

 stem in a long spiral. By early August the galls commence to 

 form where the bark has been girdled, though sometimes no gall 

 results from the injury, and the larvae mine into the pith. The 

 larvae probably become practically full grown in the fall and 

 remain in their burrows over winter, in which they transform to 



pupae in late April, in 

 New Jersey, and the 

 beetles emerge in late 

 May and June. The 

 parent beetle is not 

 over one-third inch 

 long, flattened, with a 

 small wide head, and 

 tapers at the tip of the 

 abdomen. It has brown- 

 ish-black wing-covers 

 with a bronzy lustre, 

 and the neck and thorax 

 are coppery-red or 

 brassy. The full-grown 



FIG. 345. Work of the red-necked cane-borer: Jarva is five-eighths to 



a, tracks of young larvae the bark sliced away three-q u a r t e r s inch 



to show burrows and forming gall ridges: b, sec- , .,, ,, 



tion through galls on main cane and lateral lon g> Wltn a small 



showing track of larva through bark and pith brown head a much- 



and pupal cell. (After J. B. Smith.) -, , . , 



expanded prothorax 



which looks like the head, and a slender, cylindrical, white body, 

 surmounted by two slender brown horns at the tip of the abdomen. 



This cane-borer is a native pest, very common in wild rasp- 

 berries and blackberries, and occurs generally throughout the 

 country. 



Control. Obviously it may be readily controlled by cutting off 

 the infested canes below the galls and burning them. This should 

 be done v any time before May. Where wild canes are infested 

 near those cultivated they should be included in the pruning. 



