INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE 



439 



projecting above the surface of the ground. The moths emerge 

 in late July and early August in West Virginia and the eggs are 

 laid in a few days. ^ 

 Thus the life cycle 

 requires two full 

 years and larva? of 

 two sizes may be 

 found in the roots 

 at any time, except 

 during the pupal 

 period, when all will 

 be about half to 

 two-thirds grown. 

 Control. On ac- 

 count of their sub- 

 terranean habits it 

 is manifestly im- 

 possible to dig out 

 the borers, as is done 

 with similar species 

 except for a few 

 valuable vines. If 

 the Scuppernong is 

 as immune as has 

 been reported, it 

 might be used as 

 a stock throughout 

 the South, where it 

 will thrive. By 

 recognizing the par- 

 ent moths, they 

 may be destroyed by approaching them quietly when at rest and 

 striking them quickly with a paddle or board and many might thus 

 be killed during the time they are most abundant. 



By thorough cultivation in June and July many of the cocoons 

 will be thrown to the surface or buried so deeply that many of 

 the pupae will be destroyed, or the adults will be unable to reach 

 the surface. With liberal fertilization, cultivation will stimu- 

 late the vine to withstand the injury. Brooks has shown that 

 in West Virginia the crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) 



FIG. 368. Grapevine root-borers at work. Five 

 borers were feeding in this section when taken from 

 the ground two-thirds natural size. (Photo by 

 W. E. Rumsey.) 



