462 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



however, one or two larvae may entirely strip a young vine, and 

 exceptionally the larvae appear in considerable numbers on old 

 vines, stripping them bare of foliage. They are large, smooth- 

 bodied larvae, 2 to 3 inches long, and may be distinguished from 

 those of other families of moths by the strong horn on the next 

 to the last segment, which has given them the common name 

 of horn-worms. In many species, this horn is present only in the 

 first one or two stages of the larva, disappearing with the next 

 molt and being replaced by a bright eye-spot, as shown in Fig. 385, 

 c, d. The life history of the various species is much the same, 

 except that some have only one, while others have two genera- 

 tions a year in the North, though most all probably have two 

 generations in the South. They hibernate as large dark-brown 

 pupae, 3 or 4 inches below the surface of the ground, and the 

 moths emerge in spring. The moths are particularly attracted 

 to petunias, and may often be caught hovering over them at 

 night. The eggs are laid on the foliage, usually singly, and the 

 larvae hatch in a few days. They eat ravenously, and will con- 

 sume an enormous number of leaves within a few days. Usually 

 the coloration of the larvae changes more or less as they grow, so 

 that when full grown they are different from the younger stages. 

 When there are two generations, the second generation of larvae 

 will appear in late July, but whether one or two generations occur, 

 the larvae maturing in late summer transform to pupae which 

 hibernate. 



Control. Usually the work of the larvae is so conspicuous and 

 they are so easily found that they may be controlled by hand- 

 picking. Where the vineyards are sprayed regularly for other 

 pests there will be but little trouble with these larvae, as they will 

 be killed while young. 



The Grape-berry Moth * 



The larvae of the Grape-berry Moth are the most common 

 cause of wormy grapes. The first generation of larvae web 

 together the grape clusters before the blossoms open or soon after 

 the grapes are set, and feed upon the clusters. Later the larvae 

 bore into the green and ripening fruit, producing purplish spots 



* Polychrosis viteana Clem. Family Tortricidoe. See Quaintance, I.e.; 

 Hartzell, I.e.,; M. V. Slingerland, Bulletin 223, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta.; 

 Gossard and Houser, Circular 63, Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Dwight Isely, Bulletin 

 550, U. S. Dept. Agr. and W. H. Goodwin, Bulletin 293, Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. 



