466 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD 



Plowing under the fallen leaves either in fall or early spring 

 should result in burying many of the pupae so as to prevent the 

 escape of the moths, and is good practice for other grape pests. 

 The principal reliance should be placed upon spraying with arse- 

 nate of lead, 3 pounds per barrel, applied with Bordeaux mixture, 

 to which a soap "sticker" should be added to make the mixture 

 more adhesive to the berries. The first spraying should be made 

 before the blossoms open, to catch the early larvae; the second 

 should be made as the grapes finish blooming; and the third, 

 early in July. The addition of the "sticker" is most important 

 in the last spraying, when the berries are partly grown. The 

 spray must be applied with sufficient number of nozzles and 

 pressure to penetrate the foliage and cover the clusters thoroughly. 

 Isely (I.e.) shows conclusively that it is much more satis- 

 factory to apply the spray by hand with short leads of hose 

 and short spray rods, called trailers, than it is to depend upon 

 any fixed arrangement of the nozzles which does away with the 

 hand work. Difference in efficiency between the two methods 

 favored the trailers by from 15 to 20 per cent and more than' 

 repaid the extra cost. 



To preserve some clusters in extra fine condition or to pro- 

 tect grapes on a small number of vines, paper bags are some- 

 times tied over the clusters as soon as the berries have set. 



The Grape Curculio * 



The larvae of the Grape Curculio feed on the pulp and seeds 

 of the berries, causing wormy grapes, much as do those of the 

 berry-moth. The larvae may be readily distinguished, for those 

 of the curculio are white, footless grubs, while those of the berry- 

 moth are greenish, with well-developed legs, and are quite agile, 

 wriggling away quickly when disturbed. The adult curculio is 

 a small, brown, robust, snout-beetle about one-tenth inch long, 

 and nearly as broad. It is very difficult to see, looking like a bit 

 of dirt or the excreta of some of the larger caterpillars common 

 on the vine. It is common from Arkansas to Minnesota east- 

 ward to New York and North Carolina. It has been particularly 

 injurious in West Virginia, and seems to be most harmful in 

 that latitude. 



* Craponius inasqualis Say. Family Curculionidce. See Quaintance, 

 I.e., and Fred E. Brooks, Bulletin 100, W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



