INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ORCHARD FRUITS 



477 



ing beetles, and we have frequently had twigs in which practically 

 all of the developing beetles were parasitized. 



a 



FIG. 400. The fruit-tree bark-beetle (Eccoptogaster rugidosus): a, b, beetle; 

 c, pupa; larva enlarged. (After Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



Control. The most important point in the control of this and 



similar pests is to cut out and de- 

 stroy all dead and diseased wood. 

 Burn all prunings and trimmings. 

 Affected trees should be liberally 

 fertilized in the spring so that 

 they may make a quick growth 

 and better withstand the in- 

 jury. Repellant washes have 

 been advised for deterring the 

 beetles from ovipositing. A 

 thick soap wash containing a 

 pint of crude carbolic acid to 10 

 gallons may be used. Professor 

 Gossard advises whitewashing the 

 trees in early spring, again in" 

 mid-summer and lastly about 

 October 1st, adding one-quarter 

 pound of table salt or some 

 Portland cement to make it more 

 adhesive. He also reports killing 

 the beetles in their burrows with 

 an emulsion of carbolineum. 

 "Emulsify by dissolving 3 pounds 

 FIG. 401. Work of the fruit-tree of naphtha soap in 3 gallons 

 bark-beetle showing the main gal- of water by boiling. While hot, 

 leries, the side or larval galleries, j j 1 ffa i] on o f rar holineum 



i ji i 11 Tiii dLlvl JL cidlllJH UJL l^d/X LlvlULIJ.dJJ.Jll' 



and the pupal cells slightly en- 

 larged. (After Ratzeburg.) (avenarius) and agitate as for 



