INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ORCHARD FRUITS 485 



cleared land, and with the removal of the forests and cultivation 

 of the land they are undoubtedly becoming more scarce. 



Control. There is no means of destroying the adults, but 

 many of the pupae may be destroyed by allowing hogs to run 

 on land known to be infested during April and May of the year 

 they emerge, where it is feasible to do so. Injury to young 

 orchards may be avoided by not planting during the year or 

 two previous to the emergence of a brood in the particular locality. 

 Budding and grafting should also be avoided during the previous 

 spring. Orchards should not be pruned the year before a cicada- 

 year, so that there may be plenty of young wood in which they 

 may oviposit and which may then be removed without injury 

 to the tree. Evidently a knowledge of the time of appearance 

 of each brood in different sections is of great importance and 

 may be secured from the maps published (see Marlatt, I.e.). 

 After all the eggs are laid the affected twigs should be pruned 

 off in July and burned before the eggs have hatched. 



Newly planted trees may be protected to a large extent by 

 wrapping them in cheesecloth during the presence of the adult 

 cicadas. The method has been tried in West Virginia and in 

 Virginia and the benefits have been sufficient to warrant the 

 necessary expenditure. 



The Fall Webworm * 



The common Fall Webworm is so called because in the North, 

 where there is but a single generation, its webs are abundant in 

 August and September, in contrast to those of the tent cater- 

 pillar, with which they are often confused, which are found in 

 the spring. The wings of the adult moths expand from one to 

 lj inches, and are either a pure milk-white, or more or less spotted 

 with black, the number of spots being exceedingly variable. The 

 full grown caterpillars are about an inch long, covered with long 

 black and white hairs which project from numerous black tubercles. 

 They are also quite variable in color, some being uniformly yellow- 

 ish with black and yellow tubercles, while others have a dark 

 stripe down the back and are almost black. 



Life History. In the North the moths emerge late in June and 

 in July, and lay the eggs late in July. The eggs are deposited 

 on the leaves in pale yellowish-green patches of 400 to 500, often 



* Hyphantria cunea Dm. Family Arctiidce. 



