INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 545 



they closely resemble their surroundings as they lie on the ground 

 beneath rubbish, or just under the surface of the soil. After some 

 time the larvae transform to pupae, in, which stage the winter is 

 passed. Otherwise the life history is practically the same as the 

 preceding species, except _,. 

 that there is some evidence [ 

 of there being two genera- 

 tions in the South. The 

 larvae of this species are . 

 very frequently parasitized 

 by little ichneumon-flies * 

 which destroy whole colonies I 

 of them while still young, the I 

 inflated skins being found on 

 the under side of a leaf, often 

 perforated by the round exit 

 holes of the parasite. 



Control. Same as for the 

 preceding species. 



FIG. 478. Eggs of the red-humped 

 apple caterpillar enlarged. 



The Apple Leaf -miner f 



This is the most common leaf -miner of the apple and makes 

 small brown trumpet-shaped blotches under the upper surfaces 

 of the leaves. It has not been regarded as a serious pest until 

 recently, but during the last few years it has become so abundant 

 as to 'do serious injury to apple foliage in New England and the 

 Middle Atlantic States, in some instances largely defoliating the 

 trees. It is a native insect which is generally distributed east of 

 the Rocky Mountains 



The adult is a little moth whose wings expand about one-third 

 inch and are broadly fringed as shown in the figure. Clemens 

 describes it as follows: "Head and antennae shining dark brown, 

 face ochreous. Fore- wings uniform, shining dark brown with a 

 purplish tinge, slightly dusted with pale ochreoue; cilia of the 



*Limneria fugitiva Say, and L. cedemasice Ashm. Family '1 'chneumonidce 



t Tischeria malifoliella Clemens. Family Tineidce. See A. L. Quaintance, 



Bulletin 68, Part III, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr.; C. D. Jarvis, 



Bulletin 45, Storrs (Conn.) Agr. Exp. Sta.; C. O. Houghton, Bulletin 87, 



Del. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



