INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 



553 



fruit is not seriously infested the grower does not notice that he 

 has lost a large part of the crop, though where the pest is abundant 

 so much of the fruit is injured that but little remains to be picked 

 on unsprayed trees. In 1907 Professor Quaintance estimated 

 the annual loss due to this insect in the United States at about 

 $12,000,000, and this estimate must now be about doubled. 



The moths fly at dusk and 

 are rarely seen, as during the 

 day they rest on the bark 

 which they closely resemble 

 in color. The wings expand 

 about three-quarters inch and 

 have somewhat the appear- 

 ance of grayish-brown watered 

 silk, but when more closely 

 examined are ' seen to be 

 crossed by numerous lines of 

 gray and brown scales. Near 

 the hind angle of each front 

 wing is a large dark brown 

 spot marked with streaks of 

 brown or gold. The hind- 

 wings are of a lighter grayish- 

 brown color, darker toward the 

 outer margin. 



Life History. The winter is Fl - 48 , 8 -?T < i ns , f C d ' ling Ti 1 as 



found attached to a piece of loose 



passed by the full-grown larvae bark natural size. (After Slinger- 

 in their small white cocoons land.) 



beneath, or in crevices of, the bark. About the time the apples 

 blossom the larvae transform to small brown pupae, from which 

 the moths emerge in two to three weeks. If the evenings be warm 

 the females commence to deposit their eggs within a few days, 

 laying most of them on the foliage. A female lays from 60 

 to 75 eggs and though most of them are placed on leaves near 

 the young fruit, ofttimes they are deposited on limbs or trees with 

 no fruit. The individual egg looks much like a small white 

 blister about the size of a pinhead. It is at first quite trans- 

 parent, but later a brownish or blackish streak is seen, showing 



