INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 555 



In northern New England but 2 or 3 per cent of the larvae 

 pupate, the majority hibernating over winter, so that there is 

 but a small second generation. 

 Farther south a large number 

 transform and in the Middle 

 States there are two full gene- 

 rations. In the far South, as in 

 Georgia, Arkansas and New 

 Mexico, there are three gene- 

 rations. In any event the 

 larval leave the apples in the 

 fall and hibernate in their 

 cocoons, those but partly 

 grown usually dying before 

 spring. The life cycle of the 



second and third generations _ 



, . Fia. 490. Pupa skin of codling moth 



are essentially the same as remaining attached to cocoon en- 

 that of the first, except that larged. 



a large proportion of the eggs are laid on the fruit and more of 

 the larvae enter the apples through the sides or stem end. The 

 work of the larvae of the later broods is also somewhat 



different, as much of it con- 

 sists of eating around the 

 blossom end or on the face 

 of the apple, eating out small 

 holes or tunneling under the 

 skin, as shown in Fig. 496. 

 When two or three genera- 

 tions occur, the injury by 

 them often becomes very 

 severe if the first generation 

 has not been largely destroyed 

 by thorough spraying. Very similar injury is done by the larva of 

 the lesser apple worm,* which is very difficult to distinguish, but 

 fortunately the same treatment will control both pests. 



Control. Scraping the loose bark from the trees and keeping the 

 bark smooth removes the favorable conditions for the hibernation 



* Enarmonia prunivora Walsh. Family Tortricidce. See A. L. Quaintance, 

 Bulletin 68, Part V, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr.; Foster and 

 Jones, Bulletin 80, Part III, ibid. 



FIG. 491. Young larva of codling moth 

 in calyx cavity of apple enlarged. 



