INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE AND PEAR 561 



occasionally a puparium is found in the burrow of the maggot 

 within an apple. Most of the puparia are within 1 or 2 inches of 

 the surface. There is but one generation a year. Some of the 

 pupa3 do not emerge the next spring but remain dormant for an 

 entire year in addition to the usual hibernating period, so if all 

 the active individuals were killed one year there would still be 

 emerging adults the following spring. 



Control. As most of the affected fruit drops to the ground, 

 during summer it should be picked up twice a week and destroyed 

 before the maggots have left it to pupate. Where this is carefully 

 done injury by the pest is greatly reduced. Particular attention 

 should be given to the destruction of infested summer apples. 

 Hogs pastured in the orchard will do this work admirably, and 

 where there are but a few trees on bare or cultivated ground 

 chickens will destroy the larvse. Plowing the orchard deeply 

 as early as feasible in spring and keeping it well cultivated in early 

 summer will bury the puparia so as greatly to lessen injury, which 

 is always worse in uncultivated sod orchards. Poisoned syrups, 

 sprayed onto the trees to attract the flies, have given good 

 protection from the maggot but have scorched foliage on account 

 of the use in them of a soluble form of arsenic. This method 

 of treatment must be considered as still in the experimental stage. 



The Apple Curculio * 



The apple curculio has been commonly confused with the plum 



" a 



FIG. 498. The apple curculio (Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say): a, 6, adult 

 beetles; c, larva; d, pupa all enlarged. (After Riley.) 



curculio, but is by no means as common or injurious, and is 

 quite distinct in both appearance and habits. The adult beetle 



*Anthonomus quadrigibbus Say. Family Curculionidce. See C. S. 

 Crandall, Bulletin 98, 111. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 514; F. E. Brooks, Bulletin 126, 

 W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 113. 



