INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ETC. 659 



The horn fly was brought from Europe some fifty years ago 

 and has spread over the greater part of this country. It is more 

 difficult to suggest control measures for it than for the other species 

 since it breeds in the droppings from animals in the pastures. If 

 these can be spread out so that they will dry quickly, no flies can 

 develop, but it is seldom that conditions will permit this. Shelter- 

 ing cattle during the heat of the day and providing plenty of shade 

 and water in the pastures will alleviate the discomfort of the 

 animals. Provide brush patches through which the cattle may 

 pass to brush off flies that they can remove in no other way. 

 Repellents, as for the stable fly, while they may be somewhat 

 effective will rarely be practical. 



Horse Flies * 



Several kinds of flies, ranging in size from that of the house fly 



FIQ. 580. The Black Horse Fly. (After Garman, Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta.) 



to more than an inch in length are common pests of horses and 

 cattle and, upon occasion, attack man. The more familiar kinds 

 * Family Tabanidce. 



