INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS, ETC. 665 



which they.have made some time before, in the skin of the bacV 

 They drop to the ground in the spring and pupate, the flies emerg- 

 ing in early summer. 



The injury is from the irritation which they cause and also 

 from the damage to hides caused by the presence of the exit holes 

 of the warbles. 



Control of the ox warble is difficult. The usual practice is to 

 destroy them by removing the grubs from the backs of cattle 



FIG. 584. Young stages of the Ox Warble. From "Insect Life." 



when the lumps appear. This is done by squeezing them out 

 through the exit holes. It is a good plan to treat the wound with 

 a mild antiseptic solution after removing the maggot. 



Cattle may often be seen standing in water where it is available 

 in pastures. This protects the submerged parts of the body from 

 the oviposition and may be of considerable value. If running 

 water is available for pastures it is of advantage. Young larvae, 

 falling into running water will be carried away and not taken into 

 the animal with the water which is drunk as sometimes probably 

 happens in stagnant pools. Stabling during the day time and 

 grazing at night during the fly season is always good practice 

 where it can be done. 



