LEPIDOPTERA. 1 75 



of April, and for the second in July and August. The Parnassius 

 Apollo (Fig. 143), is a beautiful butterfly, which appears in June and 

 July, and is found commonly enough in the Alps, the Pyrenees, and 

 and the Cevennes. Its wings are of a yellowish white. The upper 

 part of the fore wings presents five nearly round black spots ; the 

 base and the costa, or front edge, of these wings are sprinkled with 

 black atoms. The upper part of the hind wings presents two eyes of 

 a vermilion red, the inner border furnished with whitish hairs amply 

 dotted with black, and marked towards the extremity with two black 

 spots. The under part of the fore wings is very similar to the upper. 



Fig. 143. Parnassius Apollo. 



But the under part of the hind wings presents four red spots bordered 

 by black, forming a transverse band near the base. The body is 

 black, furnished with russety hairs, and the antennae white, with the 

 club black. 



The larva of the Apollo lives on saxifrages. To affect its trans- 

 formation it surrounds itself with a slight network of silk in which are 

 confined one or more leaves. This caterpillar is thick, smooth, 

 cylindrical, and covered with small slightly hairy warts, and orna- 

 mented on the first ring with a fleshy tentacle in the shape of a Y. 

 The chrysalis is conical, sprinkled over with a bluish efflorescence 

 resembling the bloom on a plum. The Parnassius Mnemosyne is 

 found in the month of June in the mountains of Dauphine, in 

 Switzerland, Sicily, Hungary, Sweden, and in the Pyrenees. 



In the family of the Pieridi we will mention many species 

 remarkable in different ways, such as Pieris crategi, the black-veined 

 White, Pieris brassicce, the Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris napi, Pieris 



