KEUROPTERA. 429 



They have slim bodies spotted with yellow and black, and four 

 straight wings, also spotted with black. In the males the abdomen 



Fig. 411. Pincer of male Panorpa. 



Fig. 412. Female Panorpa laying. 



terminates in a pair of pincers (Fig. 411), which rather remind one 

 of the tail of a scorpion, and which are destined to seize their prey, 

 which they kill by piercing with their beak. The female lays her 



Fig. 413. Bittacus tipularis. 



Fig. 414. Boreus hyemalis (magnified and natural size). 



eggs in the ground (Fig. 412). In a week the larva makes its ap- 

 pearance ; it is a month in developing, it then buries itself still 

 deeper in the earth, and changes into a pupa, which, after a fortnight, 

 comes again into the light in the form of a perfect insect. There 

 are two other genera of Panorpatce, of which Bittacus tipularis 



