INTELLIGENCE, POWER, 



needs of such a cold-blooded animal as the shark, which 

 breathes the oxygen in the water in a I per cent concentra- 

 tion, as contrasted with the needs of the porpoise, which 

 breathes the oxygen in the air in a 20 per cent concentration. 



The porpoise was the only warm-blooded animal that we 

 had studied to that time, save man, in which the normal 

 thyroid gland was notably larger than the adrenal glands. 



Naturally the question next arose as to the energy-con- 

 trolling systems of other cetacea. 



Professor E. M. K. Ceiling, of the University of Chicago, 

 for some years has been collecting and studying pituitary 

 glands from whales at the Queen Charlotte Islands. 

 Through his courtesy and the cooperation of one of his 

 assistants, Dr. Lewis L. Robbins, we were able to secure the 

 energy-controlling organs of a blue whale, whose total 

 weight was calculated to be 122,000 pounds. 



Since our collections had been made largely in tropical 

 Africa or subtropical and temperate America, where the 

 effect of habitat temperature alone could not be estimated, 

 we next organized an expedition to the subarctic regions. 

 In Churchill, on Hudson Bay, at 58 North latitude, and 

 around Chesterfield Inlet, at 63 North latitude, at the 

 edge of the Arctic Circle, we compared the effect of cold 

 per se upon the size of the energy-controlling organs of 

 the warm-blooded animals on the land and in the sea. 

 This expedition consisted of Dr. Quiring, Mr. Fuller, Mrs. 

 Crile, and me. 



Interest and cooperation were shown by Mr. W. E. 

 Brown, the manager of the Nelson River district, of the 

 Hudson's Bay Company, Mr. R. H. Cook, manager of the 

 .Hudson's Bay post at Churchill, and Dr. Alvin Cohen, 

 in charge of the small hospital at Churchill. The office of 

 the district manager, a small house situated on the beach 

 at Churchill, was turned over to us to serve as a laboratory 

 and cookhouse. Dr. Thomas Melling was the medical 

 health officer at Chesterfield Inlet. He was in charge of the 



8 



