by fibrous tissue. This indicates that the universal pattern 

 of the nerve-muscle unit of energy transformation is the 

 nucleus-cytoplasm pattern of the amoeba. 



There could have been no interruption between the 

 pattern of the unicellular and the pattern of the higher 

 animals, or death and dissolution would have followed, thus 

 stopping the progress of the evolution of the unicellulars 

 to the higher animals. 



Logically it would appear, although it has not been 

 proved, that the brain cell is the descendant of the nucleus 

 of the ancestral unicellular organism. From this point of 

 view, it would be understandable why the brain cells from a 

 distance send electric impulses over the communicating 

 nerve fibers and thus maintain the function and the struc- 

 tural integrity of the muscle fibers. This would indicate that 

 not only the function but also the physical structure of the 

 voluntary muscle depends upon impulses from the brain 

 and not upon enzymes and catalysts. 



Of equal fundamental significance is the fact that both 

 oxidation and muscular contraction and the maintenance 

 of the protoplasmic structure of the voluntary muscle fiber 

 whose nerve supply has been severed can be maintained by 

 electrical stimulation from without. 



What about the red blood cells ? Unlike all other cells of 

 the body, the red blood cells of the higher Mammalia and 

 man possess no nucleus. Red blood cells are as essential to 

 life as are the brain cells. In a human being there are about 

 twenty-five trillion red blood cells. 



Although these red blood cells generate no electric strain 

 by means of oxidation within themselves, they carry as 

 powerful an electric charge as do the brain cells. The posi- 

 tive electric charge of the brain cells is derived from oxida- 

 tion within each cell. The electrically powerful red blood 

 cell bears a negative sign of charge. 



From what source does the red blood cell derive its high 

 negative electric charge? Logically it would appear, al- 



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