INFLUENCE OF CAPTIVITY 

 AND DOMESTICATION 



To DOMESTICATE animals requires superior intelligence. 

 Not only must the life of the animal be protected, but 

 living conditions must be provided that will promote health 

 and tranquility. For the animal must thrive and multiply; 

 must produce good eggs, good leather, good wool, good 

 meat, or good milk; must have adequate strength to plow 

 the fields or carry the pack or hunt for man, or even cajole 

 man; otherwise domestication will fail. 



In our study of the variation in the relation between the 

 intelligence, power, and personality of animals through the 

 development of the brain-heart-thyroid-adrenal-sympa- 

 thetic system, animals in zoological gardens and domes- 

 tic animals offered a rich field for investigation. We are 

 indebted not only to those already cited in the preceding 

 section but also to Mrs. Henning Chambers, of Louisville, 

 Kentucky, Mr. A. B. Hancock and Mrs. Ogden M. 

 Edwards, Jr., of Lexington, Kentucky, and Mr. J. M. 

 Dickinson, of Franklin, Tennessee, for material on thorough- 

 bred horses. We are also indebted to Mr. W. W. Swett, of 

 the Bureau of Animal Industry, for data on cattle, to Mr. 

 W. R. Hearst, and the zoological gardens of Cleveland, 

 Detroit, and Philadelphia for various animals in which we 

 observed the effects of domestication and captivity. 



We have found of special interest the data on the effect 

 of keeping in captivity in zoological gardens such high- 

 powered animals as the lion and tiger, the leopard, bears, 

 birds of prey, gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys, and seals. 

 It would appear that a common effect of restraint in zoolog- 

 ical parks is the production of goiter. One of the great lions 

 bred in the zoological garden of Philadelphia, the brother 

 of the lion of movie fame that roars at the beginning of the 

 Metro Goldwyn Mayer film, was examined in our labora- 



