AND PERSONALITY 



and since the energy held within the plant is captured from 

 solar radiance and from the nitro group in the soil, the 

 energy that operates the brain in fabricating memory, 

 reason, imagination is not like, but is, in fact, the radiant 

 and electric energy that is released by oxidation in the 

 brain cells and controlled by the thyroid gland. 



It would appear, therefore, that "mind" or intelligence 

 is not a separate power. Intelligence is the use of the switch- 

 board of memory, reason, and imagination. Intelligence is 

 present in any animal, no matter how low in the animal 

 scale, whose action currents cause the muscles of that ani- 

 mal to move away from or toward any object or to cease 

 movement. This is the kindergarten stage of intelligence. 

 Between this lowly form of intelligence and the intelligence 

 of a Newton, there exists every intermediate stage. 



Upon what is based the statement that the only force 

 that can operate this most delicate mechanism the brain 

 is electric energy ? The principal evidence that it is 

 electric energy and electric energy alone that operates this 

 mechanism is based upon three facts, (i) Brain cells possess 

 no function but the generation of electric charge by the 

 process of oxidation. (2) When oxidation is diminished by 

 anesthetics, narcotics, asphyxia, hemorrhage, or shock, the 

 intelligence, power, and personality are correspondingly 

 reduced. (3) Electric stimulation of the cells of the outer 

 surface of the brain causes that part of the brain to perform 

 its work precisely as it performed it naturally. 



As a student I worked with that brilliant surgeon- 

 scientist, Sir Victor Horsley, of London. He plotted the 

 separate centers of the brain by noting the effect of stimu- 

 lating the cortex of the brain of chimpanzees and by stimu- 

 lating electrically the exposed cortex of the human brain 

 during operations and observing the resulting muscular 

 contractions. In the chimpanzee and man, when the cortical 

 centers that govern the movements of muscles were stimu- 



