INTELLIGENCE, POWER, 



ness, industry, fairness, and generosity. With such patterns 

 of action, together with a trained mind and a store of 

 knowledge, skilled hands and a maze of tools, and control 

 over the forces of nature, what better equipment could man 

 have for survival than cooperation ? 



The shoemaker consecrates his talents to making shoes 

 only because he has knowledge of the common honesty of 

 his fellow man, for he knows that in exchange for his shoes 

 the tailor will give him a coat. Thus present-day man has 

 for his background a community action pattern. This 

 standardized form, this community thinking, this common 

 action pattern is the profitable way for man in his present 

 estate. The individualized jungle brain is today antisocial. 

 Civilization means cooperation. 



Let us see how well we can interpret modern-day action 

 patterns. The average child begins as a prototype of his 

 wild ancestor. He is "a liar and a thief" and an indi- 

 vidualist. He is governed by his phylogeny. Later, as 

 innumerable action patterns are implanted by the parents, 

 the teachers, and friends and as, in his ontogeny, intelligent 

 action patterns of his more recent ancestors become facili- 

 tated and predominate over the phylogenetic action 

 patterns of his ancient ancestors, the child becomes coopera- 

 tive and so progressively gregarious that in school and 

 college he possesses the herd instinct and can hardly be 

 prevailed upon to be different from his fellows, even to the 

 slightest detail of dress, manners, or opinion. At this period 

 the occasional boy or girl who stands out obstinately as an 

 individualist invites group opposition, since the student 

 body possesses the collective spirit. 



In later life the man who deplores the herd opinion, the 

 standardized way of living, be he scholar or politician, 

 libertine or outlaw, scientist or religious fanatic, prefers a 

 life of contention to a life of accord, and these individualists, 

 although they differ violently from their rivals in inde- 

 pendent philosophy, often soar to great heights. These 



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