but not separated by regular valves nor enclosed within 

 a capsule. Berries are either simple or compound. 



The currant, the gooseberry, the orange, the melon and the cucum- 

 ber, are all simple berries (F. 64) ; while the raspberry and dew-berry- 

 are compound, (F. 67) because they consist of several single ones 

 united, each containing a seed. 



33. The cone or strobile is a species of seed-vessel, 

 formed by a catkin with hardened scales, each scale 

 containing a seed at its base. 



In the most perfect examples of this kind of seed-vessel, tbe seeds 

 are closely sheltered by the scales as by a capsule, of which the fir- 

 apple and cypress are common instances. (F. 70.) In the birch and 

 alder they have a kind of capsule besides ; and ia the willow and pop- 

 lar, a stalked-bivalved capsule, still more separate from the scales. 



34. The seed is that part which it has been the grand 

 object of the flower to produce during its blooming. It 

 is, for the most part, contained in some kind of seed-ves- 

 sel, and constitutes the rudiment of the future plant. 



35 . A seed consists of several parts, some of which 

 are more essential than others, and of these we shall 

 mention, the eye, the seed-coat, the seed-loles, and the heart. 



These respective parts are not to be observed in every kind of seed, 

 but in the generality you may very readily detect them. 



36. The eye, or helium is the external scar of a seed, 

 by means of which it was fastened to the seed-vessel. 

 The seed-coat is the external covering; the seed-lobes, or 



