THli APPENDAGES TO PLANTS. 39 



All flowers are not furnished with a peduncle, but by far the greater 

 number will be found to possess them. The part marked / in the 

 10th figure, is the peduncle of the flower there represented. 



8. Stipules are small foliaceous appendages accom- 

 panying the real leaves, assuming the appearance of 

 leaves in minature. 



The two small leaves, a a, in the 30th figure, are intended to repre- 

 sent stipules. Again, if you examine a stalk of heart's-ease,you will 

 find at the base of each leaf-stalk, a pair of leaves very different from 

 the real leaf at the other end of the leaf-stalk, and these are the 

 stipules. 



9. The ftoral-leqf, or bractea, is a leaf which in general 

 differs from the true leaves both in shape and in colour ; 

 and is commonly situated on the flower-stalk, and often 

 so close to the corolla as to be mistaken for the calyx. 



As the stipule is an appendage to the leaf or leaf-stalk, so the floral- 

 leaf is an accompaniment to the flower or flower-stalk. The floral- 

 leaf or leaves are represented by the letters a a, in the 28th figure, 

 bat at a distance from the flower. They may also be seen in the lime, 

 milk-wort, rest-harrow, lady's-finger, and many other plants. 



10. The thorn, or spine, is a sharp-pointed projection 

 growing from the woody substance of some plants. 



Although thorns are peculiar to some plants, they are not scat- 

 tered over the whole surface : thus, they protrude from the stem and 

 branches in the buckthorn and orange-tree (F.27); from the leaf- 

 stalk in the robinia pseudacacia, or locust of the United States ; from 

 the leaves, in the aloe, Adam's-needle, holly, and butcher's-broom ; 

 from the calyx in the thistle ; and from the seed-vessel in the thorn- 

 apple, &c. 



11. The prickle is a sharp process from the plant, 

 arising from the bark only, and not from the wood. In 

 this respect it differs very materially from the thorn. 



The rose, bramble, berberry, and gooseberry, may be consulted for 

 practical illustrations of the prickle. (See F. 29.) 



