NOMENCLATURE OF THE STEM. 51 



I. Stipulated when they are furnished with stipules at the axilla 

 o.f each leaf, as in common vetch and broad-leaved everlasting pea. 

 m. Tendril-hending when they bear tendrils, as in the passion- 

 flower and grape-vine. (F. 32.) 



n. Bulb-bearingwhen they are studded with bulbs in the axilla 

 of the leaves, as in bulbiferous coral-wort, and in several of the lily 

 tribe. 



o. Spiny when they are famished with sharp spines, which are 

 not productions of the bark, and consequently do not come off with 

 it, as in common hawthorn and sloe-tree. (F. 27.) 



p. Prickly when they are covered with sharp-pointed bodies, 

 which separate with the epidermis, as in the rose. (F. 29.) 



q. Scaly when they are covered, more or less, with leafy scales, 

 which are closely applied to their surface, as in broom rape. When, 

 however, the scales, instead of being succulent and leafy, are dry and 

 membranaceous, this variety of the scaly stem, is termed ramenta- 

 ceous, as in slender-branched heath. 



r. Pubescent when they are covered with hair-like appendages. 

 The pubescence varies very considerably, according to differences of 

 soil, climate, and exposure ; nevertheless, there are determinate cha- 

 racteristics, which always more or less distinguish it, even in its 

 variations. The varieties of this subdivision are, the 



Hairy when the pubescence consists of rather long separate 

 hairs, as in mouse-ear and meadow-sage. 



Hispid when the hairs are stiff and bristly, as in borage and 

 common viper bugloss. 



Downy when the hairs are soft to the touch, like down, and 

 so matted together that the particular hairs cannot be distin- 

 guished j as in shepherd's club and round-leaved crane's bill. 

 Shaggy when the pubescence consists of long soft hairs, as 

 in villose speedwell and downy hedge-nettle. 



Woolly when the fine hairs are long and matted, but easily 

 distinguished from each other, as in woolly hedge-nettle and 



Silky when the hairs are shining, and so arranged as to give 

 the stem the appearance of being covered with silk. 

 Instead of pubescence, the covering is, in some instances, either a 

 dry powder, or a moist excretion. Those of the former character are 

 three in number, and those of the latter two in number. 



s. Hoary when the entire surface is strewed over with a fine 

 white dust, which is easily rubbed off, like the bloom of grapes, as 

 exemplified in dwarf shrubbery orach. 



