NOMENCLATURE OF THE LEAF. 55 



a. Radical, or root-leafspringing directly from the root, as in 

 the snow-drop and violet. (F. 31, bb.) 



b. Caulinar, or stem-leafarising from the stem, as in garden 

 valerian. (F. 40.) 



c. Rameal or branch-leaf situated on the branch, and which are 

 only described when they differ from those of the stem, as in purple 

 cow-wheat. 



d. Seminal, or seed-leaf the first leaves of the majority of plants, 

 proceeding from seeds that have more than one lobe, as in the 

 garden-pea 



e. Floral, or flower-leafwhen next the flower and generally 

 unlike the other leaves, as in early-red honeysuckle. (F. 28, a a.) 



10. Direction: From the direction in which l?aves 

 grow, they are said to be erect, compressed, spreading, 

 horizontal, nodding, reflex, iuflex, pendulous, twisted, 

 reverse, unilateral, procumbent, emerging, or sunk. 



a. Erect whennearlyperpendicular,asinjointedrush. (F.52,a.) 



b. Compressed when their upper surface is close to the stem, 

 as in the thlaspi campestris. 



c. Spreading forming a moderately acute angle with the stem, 

 as in brooklime (F. 52, b.} 



d. Horizontal when parallel with the horizon, as in field gen- 

 tian. (F.52,c.) 



e. Nodding spreading with a drooping apex. (F. 52, d.) 



f. Reflex or recurved curved backwards, as in recurved-leaved 

 heath. (F.52,e.) 



g Inflex, or incurved curved upwards. (F. 52, f.) 



h. Pendulous ordepending when the whole leaf droops. (F.52,g.) 



i. Twisted or oblique when one part of the leaf is vertical, the 



other horizontal, as in oblique allium and violet-flowered fritillary. 

 j. Resupinate or reversed when the surface, which is commonly 



undermost, is found uppermost, as in the spotted-flowered alstrcemia 



and white water-lily. 

 k. Unilaleral-when all the leaves lean on points to the same 



side, as in many-flowered Solomon's seal. 

 I. Procumbent lying on the surface of the ground, as in the 



common daisy. 



