58 NOMENCLATURE OF THE LEAF. 



said to be connato-perfoliate, (F. 79.) Connate leaves are, in some 

 instances, united by a membrane, which, stretching from the margin 

 of the opposed leaves near the base, forms a kind of pitcher round 

 the stem, (F. 63) in which rain-water is retained, as in fuller's 

 teasel. 



d. Petiolate when situated on petioles or foot-stalks, as in the 

 cultivated cherry-tree and black mullein. (F. 40.) Petiolate leaves 

 are either loose, when they merely rest upon the stem, or peltate, when 

 the foot-stalk is inserted, not into the basis, but into the disk, as in 

 the great Indian cress. 



14. Expansion: With respect to the terms derived 

 from the expansion of leaves, they are derived from two 

 separate sources, either as concerns their superficial 

 figure, or their solid configuration. With regard to 

 their superficial figure, they are either capillary, linear, 

 gramineous, needle-shaped, lanceolate, sword-shaped, 

 spatulate, wedge-shaped, fan-shaped, oblong, oval, ovate, 

 obovate, roundish, circular, crescent-shaped, angled, 

 repand, trowel-shaped, diamond-shaped, fiddle-shaped, 

 lyre-shaped, lobed, arrow-shaped, halberd-shaped, heart 

 shaped, kidney-shaped, palmated, incised, much-parted, 

 runcinate, pinnatifid, pectinate, or pedate. 



a. Capillary when they are long, fine and flexible, as in fennel 

 and garden dill. (F. 74.) 



b. Linear narrow, with parallel sides, about a geometrical line 

 in breadth, as in senecio linifolius. (F. 75.) 



c. Gramineous, or riband-like differing from the linear in being 

 broader, and not quite parallel towards the apex, tu in grasses. 

 (F.76.) 



d. Needle-shaped, or acerose linear and evergreen, generally 

 acute and rigid, as in Scotch fir and common juniper. ( F. 77.) 



e. Awl-shaped or subulate when it is thick at the bate and gra- 

 dually attenuated to a sharp point, as in jonquil and shallot. (F.78.) 



f. Lanceolate of a narrow oblong form, tapering towards the 

 end, M in rib-wort. (F. 80.) 



