AMERICAN OAKS 37 



rails for enclosing cultivated fields it lasts twelve or fifteen years, or a 

 third longer than those which are made of the Willow Oak or Water Oak. 

 For grandeur and majesty Michaux places this in the first rank of American 

 forest-trees. 



Called also Chestnut White Oak, and, to the South, according to 

 Pursh, White Oak. 



The acorns are large and sweet, like chestnuts, whence its name. 



Pursh says it is useful, and found in low shady woods and on the 

 banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to Florida. 



8. QUERCUS MONTANA. Rock Chestnut Oak. 



Q. montana. Foliis obovatis acutis subtus albo-tomentosis grosse dentatis 

 dentibus subaequalibus dilatatis apice callosis, cupula hemisphaerica 

 squamosa, glande ovata. 



Q. montana, Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4, p. 440 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. v. 2, p. 634. 



Q. Prinus monticola, Michx. f. N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 56, t. 9. 



Q. montana, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 440 ; Smith in Abbot Insect. 2, p. 163, t. 82 j 

 Rees' Encyc. 25, part 1st, n. 49 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 634 ; Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 216. 

 Q. Prinus monticola, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 196 ; Michx. Hist. Chenes Am. n. 5, 

 t. 7 ; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2, p. 55, t. 8. 



On both sides of the Niagara, from the falls to Queenston, in dry rocky 

 situations, growing to a height of between 20 to 40 feet. The wood is very 

 hard and much valued, and is useful for almost every purpose ; the bark 

 is largely employed in tanning. 



Found by Pursh, from New England to Carolina, in rocky situations 

 on the mountains, and he says it rises to about 60 feet. 



Q. Castanea and Q. Chincapin are generally found with it. 



Although I have followed Willdenow and Pursh in adopting the 

 reference to Michaux for this and the preceding species, yet I think that 

 if the two plants be really distinct the reference should be reversed. In 

 regard to the leaves, there seems to be little or no difference between the 

 two, but the cup of the acorn in Q. Prinus monticola is expressly described 

 by Michaux as turbinate, implying a degree of attenuation at the base, 

 (and as such he figures it), whereas in his Q. Prinus palustris he calls the 

 cupule craterata and represents it as such, or hemispherical. 



9. QUERCUS CASTANEA. Yellow Oak. 



Q. Castanea. Foliis oblongis acuminatis subtus tomentosis albidis grosse 

 subaequaliter dentatis, cupula hemisphaerica squamosa, glande ovata. 



Q. Castanea, Willd. Sp. PL v. 4, p. 441 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. v. 2, p. 634. 

 Q. Prinus acuminata, Michx. f. N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 61, 1. 10. 



Q. Castanea, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 441 ; Muhl. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 3, 

 p. 396; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 634; Sm. in Rees' Encyc. 29, part 1st, n. 51; Nutt. 

 Gen. 2, p. 214. Q. Prinus acuminata, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 196; Michx. Hist. 

 Chenes Am. n. 5, t. 8; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2, p. 61, t. 9. 



A large and handsome tree, which is from 30 to 60 feet high but does 

 not become so thick as Q. Prinus or Q. bicolor. Like these species, with 

 which it often grows, its wood is of extensive utility. All the species 

 in this section retain their verdure much longer than those with lobed 



