44 DOUGLAS' JOURNAL 



nulatis subtus tomentosis, cupula hemisphaerica squamis membranaceis, glande 

 ovata globosa. 



Q. ilicifolia, Wangenh. Nordam. Holz. p. 79, t. 6, f. 17 ; Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 4, p. 447. 



Q. Banisteri, Michx. f. N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 99, t. 21 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. 

 Sept. v. 2, p. 631. 



Q. Banisteri, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 199 ; Michx. Hist. Chenes Am. n. 15, t. 27 ; 

 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2, p. 96, t, 19 ; Sm. in Abbot Insect. 2, t. 79 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. 

 Sept, 2, p. 631 ; Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 215. 



Q. ilicifolia, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 447 ; Sm. in Rees' Encyc. 29, part 1st, n. 66 ; 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5, p. 292. 



Near Flushing, Long Island, on dry poor soil, and in rocky situations 

 of the Hudson, at Rhinebeck, in the State of New York. This very dwarf 

 kind of oak is occasionally employed about New Fork in forming fences, 

 and Michaux strongly recommends it to the owners of great estates in 

 Europe (and it is sufficiently hardy to bear our climate) to form copses of 

 it for the protection of game. The acorns are described as being pro- 

 duced so abundantly upon the bushes of this oak that they sometimes 

 cover the branches, and the bears, deer, and hogs feed on them whilst 

 growing on the plants. 



Pursh places it in dry barren fields and on the mountains, New Jersey 

 to Virginia. He calls it a shrub, about 4 to 6 feet high, covering large 

 tracts which are called Oak-barrens. 



26. QUERCUS ELONOATA. Spanish Oak. 



Q. dongata. Foliis sinuatis Idbis tribus vd pluribus subfalcatis aristato- 

 acuminatis terminale dongato subtus tomentosis, cupula hemisphaerica 

 squamis membranaceis, glande subglobosa. 



Q. dongata, Willd. Sp. PL v. 4, p. 444. 



Q. falcata, Michx. f. N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 106, t. 23 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. 

 Sept. v. 2, p. 631. 



Q. fakata, Michx. FL Bor. Am. 2, p. 199 ; Michx. Hist. Chenes Am. n. 16, t. 28 ; 

 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2, p. 104, t. 21 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 631 ; Nutt. Gen. 

 2, p. 214. Q. dongata, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 444 ; Sm. in Rees' Encyc. 29, part 1st, 

 n. 57 ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5, p. 291. Q. discolor, Ait. Hort. Kew. 3, p. 358 [now 

 Q. vduiina}. 



I A very large and lofty tree, frequently 80 or 90 feet in height, of which 

 I could not obtain any perfect specimen. Plentiful at Burlington, New 

 Jersey, and on the islands in the River Delaware. 26 miles from Philadelphia. 

 In the Southern States it is called the Red Oak, and Pursh places it in 

 sandy soil, near the sea coast, New Jersey to Georgia ; the wood, accord- 

 ing to Michaux, is employed for making the staves of barrels, but only 

 such as contain salt provisions or dry wares. It is never used in 

 shipbuilding. Cartwrights make the felloes for the wheels of heavy 

 carriages of it, because it is less apt to split than the Avhite and other oaks. 

 To compensate for the inferiority of its timber in some measure, its 

 bark is preferable to that of the other oaks for tanning coarse leather, 

 and it sells at a high price. 



The leaves of the younger individuals are almost invariably simply 



