AMERICAN OAKS 45 



trilobed ; those which have larger, more numerous, and falcate segments 

 belong to the older trees. 



27. QUERCUS TINCTORIA. Black Oak. 



Q. tinctoria. Foliis late obovatis profunde sinuosis lobis oblongis inaequa- 

 liter setaceo-denticulatis subtus pubescentibus vel glabris, cupula hemi-sphae- 

 rica squamis majusculis submembranaceis, glande ovata rotundata. 



Q. tinctoria, Michx. f . N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 112, t. 24 ; Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 4, p. 444 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. v. 2, p. 629. 



Q. discolor, Willd. Sp. PL v. 4, p. 444 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. v. 2, p. 629. 



Q. tinctoria, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 444. Q. discolor, Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue 

 Schr. 3, p. 399. Q. tinctoria angulosa, Michx. Hist. Chenes Am. 13, t. 24 ; Pursh, Fl. 

 Am. Sept. 2, p. 629 ; Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 215 ; Sin. in Roes' Encyc. 29, part 1st, no. 58. 

 Q. velutina, Lam. Encyc. i. p. 721. 



Q. discolor, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 444. Q. tinctoria sinuosa, Michx. Hist. Chenes 

 Am. n. 13, t. 25; Pluk. Phytog. t. 54, f. 5 ; Sm. in Abbot Insect. 2, p. Ill and 56; 

 Sm. in Rees' Encyc. 29, part 1st, no. 59 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 629. 



| A large tree, full 90 feet in height and from 4 to 6 feet in diameter. The 

 wood is considered good, and the bark is more used for tanning than that 

 of any other species. On October 18 it continued quite green, though 

 very keen frosts had prevailed for several nights. The acorns when broken 

 are of a bright yellow colour within. It inhabits Rhinebeck and Albany, 

 in the State of New York. Pursh says in all large woods, particularly in 

 the mountainous parts, New England to Georgia. The wood, we are told, 

 is employed at Philadelphia as a substitute for white oak in house -building. 

 Its bark yields abundantly the tanning principle, and would be of great 

 value but that it gives out a yellow colour which requires to be removed by 

 a particular process. The colour is contained in the cellular part of the bark, 

 according to Michaux, and produces the famous Quincitron, so much em- 

 ployed in France as well as this country. The discovery of it was made in 

 1784, by Dr. Bancroft, since which time it has been generally used by dyers, 

 especially for colouring wool, silk, and paper hangings for rooms. Michaux 's 

 figure above quoted admirably represents the specimen I gathered. The 

 Q. tinctoria of Willd. is described by him as having slightly sinuated leaves, 

 for which reason I have quoted it with a doubt. His Q. discolor quite 

 accords with the Q. tinctoria of Michaux, and he observes of it that during 

 autumn its foliage is quite free from pubescence, which is the case with 

 my plants. 



XXX Leaves deeply toothed and lobed. 



28. QUERCUS COCCINEA. Scarlet Oak. 



Q. coccinea. Foliis late ovatis profunde sinuatis glabris lobis inaequaliter 

 dentatis setaceo-acuminatis, cupula hemisphaerica basi attenuatis squamis 

 majusculis submembranaceis, glande ovata rotundata. 



Q. coccinea, Michx. f . N. Am. Sylv. v. 1, p. 115, t. 25 ; Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 4, p. 445 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept, v. 2, p. 630. 



Q. coccinea, Wangenh. Nordam. Holz. p. 44, t. 4, f . 9 ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 445 ; 

 Michx. Hist. Chenes Am. n. 18, t. 31, 32 ; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2, p. 116, t. 23 ; 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5, p. 292. Quercus rubra & coccinea, Ait. Hort. Kew. 3, 

 p. 357, Sm. in Rees' Encyc. 29, part 1st, no. 61 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 630 ; 

 Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 214. 



