162 DOUGLAS' JOURNAL 



of Crataegus found only in the interior. I am in a few days to proceed 

 to the Kettle Falls and will make such stays at the different posts as 

 appear most advantageous to my views. 



Collected the following plants during my journey up the river, and 

 for the more easy method begin with 



(1) Salix sp. ; male and female, a small scrubby tree, found near 

 rivulets and moist ground in the mountain valleys. 



(2) Juniperus sp. ; a low straggling tree, and on the bare dry rocks 

 only a few feet high ; on the shore of rivers and summit of the hills ; is not 

 seen within 500 miles of the ocean, and the nearer the mountains or in 

 cool situations grows more luxuriantly ; probably it may prove J. excelsa 1 

 of Pursh. 



(3) Gramineae, perennial ; on dry rocky soils, 6 inches to 8 high ; 

 plentiful. 



(4) Gramineae, perennial ; of the same genus as the preceding, only 

 much smaller ; rarely more than 2 inches ; both are found together. 



(5) Gnaphalium sp. ; perennial ; a small plant, scarcely ever more than 

 an inch high ; found on all barren elevated ground ; this is not found near 

 the coast. 



(6) Claytonia sp. ; annual ; leaves linear ; 6 to 8 inches high ; flowers 

 small, white ; very plentiful on rocky soils and very luxuriant near villages 

 and old encampments. 



Caryophylleae, perennial ; (47) of 1825 ; found abundant on all moist 

 rocks throughout the country. 



(7) Ribes aureum ; not seen lower down on the Columbia than the 

 Great Falls, where almost on every rock and crevice its beautiful blossoms 

 form a fine contrast with the shade of the dark blue granite ; on the 

 margins of the little rivulets ; 6 to 10 feet high. It is seldom seen to bear 

 fruit in rich soils and the little to be seen is small, sickly, and liable to be 

 attacked by insects. On the bare channels of rivers where there is 

 scarcely any soil, in rocky dry situations on the banks of rivers, it thrives 

 less luxuriantly, but bears by far more abundantly and the fruit is of 

 better quality particularly so if there is a portion of lime in the soil or 

 rock. The fruit is large, about the size of the common white currant, in 

 thick close strings, with an exquisitely fine flavour. Nuttall observes that 

 on the Missouri the black variety is the more abundant. Here it is rarely 

 seen ; that most common is a deep amber or between that and sulphur- 

 yellow. Perhaps it might be well to try it in a very dry poor soil, with a 

 little lime. 



(8) Geranium sp. ; annual ; leaves compoundly pinnate ; flowers 

 small, azure-purple ; on the sides of rivers ; in sandy and gravelly 

 soils ; plentiful. 



(9) Cruciferae, annual ; flowers yellow ; an erect-growing plant, a foot 

 to 18 inches high ; plentiful near villages and grows strong on rich 

 ground ; this may probably agree with one found on the shores of the 

 river last year at Fort Vancouver, which for the present from want of 

 seed-vessels I do not know. 



1 Juniperus occidentalis, Sargent, Silva N. Am. x. p. 87. 



