1826, AUGUST. KETTLE FALLS 203 



river. Proceeded down the south side of the river seven miles, and as night 

 stole in on us, and having to pass some very high perpendicular rocks, we 

 chose to camp rather than go to the old establishment so late at night. 

 Gathered some seeds of a species of Lilium growing in open or partially 

 shady woods. I am sorry that no seeds of Lilium pudicum^ can be found 

 perfect, and, as I could not get any, dug up some roots perhaps they may 

 keep to England. Warm ; thermometer 99 maximum, 56 minimum. 

 Heavy dew. 



Thursday and Friday, 3rd, th. At nine o'clock in the morning crossed 

 the Spokane Kiver to the old establishment on the south side, where we 

 found old Mr. Finlay, who gave us abundance of fine fresh salmon from his 

 barrier, placed in a small branch of the main river. After breakfast, and 

 having the horses crossed, left that place at noon for the Columbia. An 

 hour's ride from that place passed the Indian camp on the north side of the 

 river, where they were employed fishing. Their barrier, which is made of 

 willows and placed across the whole channel in an oblique direction, in order 

 that the current which is very rapid will have less effect on it, has a small 

 square of 35 yards enclosed on all sides with funnels of basket-work (just 

 made in the same manner as all traps in England), and placed on the under 

 side, through which the salmon passes and finds himself secure in the 

 barrier. When the spearing commences, the funnels are closed with a little 

 brushwood. Seventeen hundred were taken this day, now two o'clock ; how 

 many may be in the snare I know not, but not once out of twelve will 

 they miss bringing a fish to the surface on the barb. The spear is pointed 

 with bone and laced tight to a pointed piece of wood a foot long and at 

 pleasure locks on the staff and comes out of the socket when the fish is 

 struck ; it is fastened to the staff by a cord. Fifteen hundred and some- 

 times two thousand are taken in the course of the day. Camped a little 

 before sundown not far from one of my encampments in May on my way 

 to Spokane. Gathered a few seeds of a strong species of currant with white 

 blossoms. Cold during the night. 



On Friday as usual started at daybreak. About seven o'clock I went 

 off the way to gather some more seeds of the Ribes I saw last night. As I 

 found them but scanty it took up a considerable time picking a sufficiency. 

 Overtook my companions ten miles beyond Barriere River, which I had 

 to swim in spring. Rode across it to-day, halted at noon to breakfast, 

 and proceeded on at two o'clock. On crossing Cedar River, a small rapid 

 stream nine miles from the Columbia, my horse on gaining the opposite 

 shore, which is steep and slippery, threw back his head and struck me in the 

 face and I was plunged head foremost in the river. I fortunately received 

 no further injury than a good ducking and got wet what seeds I had 

 collected during the day, which were in my pockets and knapsack with my 

 note-book. Arrived at Kettle Falls at 7 P.M., having been absent two 

 months, and was cordially and hospitably entertained by Mr. Dease. 



August 5th and 6th. In addition to a good many seeds, collected the 

 following plants on my journey : 



(196) Helonias sp. ; perennial ; root somewhat bulbous ; leaves long, 

 1 Fritillaria pudica, Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 267. 



