346 APPENDIX VIII 



This species like P. Lambertiana only grows in the poorest and 

 apparently barren, dry, sandy or gravelly soils, which it almost exclusively 

 occupies. In low fertile moist soils it totally disappears. Very abundant 

 on the lower parts of the Blue Mountains in 46 02' 37" N. Lat., 118 

 25' 07* W. Long., frequenting rocky places or such soils as noticed above. 

 Equally if not more abundant throughout the chain of Spokane River 

 to its junction with the Columbia in 48 12' 43" North Lat., also on the 

 banks of Flathead River, near the Kettle Falls 48 37' 40", decorating 

 the country on the North towards Fraser River 49 50' 00* and on the 

 south to Salmon River in 47. 



To P. Taeda, Linn. Sp. PI. 1000, Willd. Sp. PI. 4, p. 498 ; Lamb. Gen. 

 Pin. ed. I. p. 23 tt. 16, 17 ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. 3, p. 368 ; Michx. f . Hist. 

 Arb. Am. 1, p. 97, t. 9 ; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2, p. 644, this in general habit 

 agrees. The principal differences are in the form and length of the cone, 

 the reflected spine, and in the shortness of the sheaths which are neither 

 torn nor dilated at the apex, giving us essential characters to form a 

 species. 



To P. rigida, Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8, n. 10 ; Lamb. Gen. Pin. ed. I. 

 tt. 18, 19, it in some respects approaches in habit but differs materially 

 in station ; this species occupies large tracts of country on the western 

 parts of America, being confined to the coast in the northern boundaries 

 of California between the parallels of 40 and 45 N. Lat., while P. ponderosa 

 is an inhabitant only of the interior of the country. 



The seeds of this as well as those of P. Lambertiana are eaten by 

 several of the native tribes raw but more generally dried or roasted in 

 the embers. Vegetates readily and has 9-11 cotyledons. This species 

 vegetated quickly in the Society's garden and I hear also that most of 

 the seeds distributed amongst the Fellows grew. 



13. Pinus contorta. Foliis geminis rigidis, strobilis sessilibus ovatis 

 recurvis confertis ; aculeis squamarum reflexis. Sabine in Trans. Hort. 

 Soc. Vol. 



Flowers in April and May ; fruit ripe in September and October. 



Leaves in pairs, rounded on the back, concave on the inner side, 

 rigid, acute, 2 to 2 inches long, having a very short ragged or ciliated 

 sheath. Flower, male terminal cylindrical, numerous, on a short peduncle. 

 Crest of the anther reniform, minutely toothed ; female round or nearly 

 globular, with a profusion of small scaly pointed bractea, erect. Cone, 

 sessile, rounded, bent downwards, shorter than the leaves, in clusters 

 round the shoots, remaining on the twigs for several years. Scales oblong, 

 slightly dilated in the middle, of a hard woody tough texture with a 

 short sharp slender reflected spine, brown. Seed small, sharp at the base, 

 wing short and acute. 



Trunk 20 to 30 feet high, one foot to eighteen inches in diameter, with a 

 rough, white bark, seldom divided by its branches. Wood soft, spongy, 

 coarse-grained, brown-coloured, with abundance of rosin. Branches 

 drooping, greatly twisted in every direction, remarkably tough, the younger 

 ones covered by acuminate chaffy brown scales. As far as my oppor- 

 tunities of observing this species went, it is exclusively the inhabitant of 



